Ancient Memory and New Vital Force
The terminations of massive stars are the fundamental origins ofall things. One great inexorable trend in nature──radical ending of massive stars──supernovae, create the formation of elements in the universe;create the existence of life organism; accelerate landforms variety based oncontinental plates drifting; moreover, the special and fundamental meaning ofsupernovae include pushing forward species diversity on the neighboring planetswhere there are conditions for life forms to appear, etc.
The formation of the earth probably came from heavy elementscondensate of the supernova ejecta of last generation star in the inner orbitof solar system. Theage of the earth is 4.6 billion years. Now the sun is a main sequence star, andexperienced approximately 4.57 billion years. There are various heavy elements,including iron, found on the surface gas of the sun, while the first generationmain sequence stars almost only contain hydrogen and the production of lightnuclear fusion──helium.
Fig1 from Supernova Remnants to the Formation of theEarth
In the early age of the universe, among theatom-composed matter contain only hydrogen, a few helium and few Lithium in theuniverse. The heavy elements fromthe large quantities of supernova ejecta provide necessary hydrocarbon andrelative elements for the existence of life organism. Tremendous elements of planets and itslife straightly come from nebulosity of supernova remnants. Almost all the ironelement and elements heavier than iron come from supernova outbursts.Tremendous heavy elements come from the extremely high temperature and pressureenvironments of the nucleosynthesis of supernovae. The nuclear fusion in redgiant could not generate elements heavier than lead【1】.
Fig2 CosmicOnion──various elements generated bynuclear fusion inside a massive star.
The best supernova rate estimate we canoffer indicates that one or more supernova explosions are likely to haveoccurred within 10 pc (1 pc=3.26 light years) or so of the Earth (effectiverange of near-earth supernovae) during the Phanerozoic era, i.e., during the last 570 million years since thesudden biological diversification at the start of the Cambrian. (CERN)【2】In this period, the earth experienced several greatice ages from the beginning of Cryogenian Ice Age; Supercontinent occurreddramatic changes for Phanerozoic, forming continental plates pattern now.
Humanity would discover gestating, as well as exploiting morevital force from the supernova creations that exceed Oppenheimer limit.
Fig3Through research on dark matter for many years, relevant personages includingNASA members begin to notice the existence of mass and energy exchangerelationship among the universe and multiverse 【3】 ──the universe originatedin a general supernova.
References
【1】Gonzalez,G.; Brownlee, D.; Ward, P. (2001). "The Galactic Habitable Zone:Galactic Chemical Evolution". Icarus 152 (1):185–200.
arXiv:astro-ph/0103165. Bibcode 2001Icar..152..185G. DOI:10.1006/icar.2001.6617.Archived from the original on 2006-09-12.
【2】<Could a nearby supernova explosion have caused amass extinction>
Comments: 10 pages, CERN-TH.6805/93, John Ellis et al.
【3】The 28thGeneral Assembly of IAU in Beijing
Blog Discussion
url deleted
Ancient Memory and New Vital Force.doc
