Xittenn

I think you are trying to start in a place that requires a bit more background knowledge before you tackle it. I can try to break the subject down a bit for you and this might help you ask more appropriate questions that address your learning needs and help you get to your points of interest. Just keep in mind what I have to say isn't the end all facts, and some of the information may be slightly dulled for appropriateness purposes. The theoretical idea of computational devices--what we often term computers--were a novel idea in concept. The pursuit began as research into the developing of machines that could complete logical thinking tasks that were difficult for people to accomplish mentally and by hand. So, many people began to investigate how to accomplish the task of creating such a machine. Early examples of computing devices were, as I mentioned before, calendars and other equipment for navigation and so on. Math over the centuries became increasingly more complex and the ability for people to solve problems quickly and accurately became ever more the challenge. And so clocks were invented to tell time, in such a way that the result was accurate and independent of the sun. I propose the clock to you because it demonstrates the concept of an analogue device which performs simple mathematical relations. I propose also that the clock is a superior example of early computing devices, as at the time of the dawn of computers physics was performed on continuous manifolds. To early mathematicians I imagine that it only made an extravagant sense that thinking machines perform logic over a continuous domain. And so we see early thinking machines being developed as mechanical sets made of gears that perform variations of differential calculus, counting, and other such tasks. Now, this isn't to say that early thinkers weren't aware of discrete devices, as there had already been in existence numerous examples i.e. the abacus. Forgive my being overly and underlie thorough at the same time, I'm just trying to generalize the progression to help idealize some of the issues at hand. And moving forward we interject, the concept of language and grammar. I honestly haven't the foggiest what Ada Lovelace wrote as the world saw its first computer language being developed, but I do know that Babbage's Analytical Engine took a series of states and through a differential process that involved loops and conditions was able to complete mathematical calculation, at least in theory as the machine was never fully realized. Some one-hundred years later the computer emerged and early computers were also differential machines and they worked through the use of vacuum tubes. One man Alan Turing did much of the work on formalizing the approach to language and grammar, and he defined the state machine and some properties of thinking machines that determined computability and which is known as Turing Completeness. As computers progress we see the advent of the digital computer and the move to binary logic or discrete mathematics. This was important as it marked a large step in bringing to the world a machine that could accurately reproduce in a fast and efficient method, and which also represented advancement in efficiency between the computing device and the language itself. You see, during the early twentieth century many psychologists got together and formed what is termed today as first order logic. This logic served as the grounds for the development of mathematics with respect to its most fundamental concepts. If A is onto B what B is onto C and so on . . . . Discrete mathematics emerged as a subset of this logic. One and One is One, Zero and One is Zero and so on . . . Now if you take these very basic statements you can arrange them in a hierarchy of levels that eventually see rise to a top level that is legible to people, some call this C++, others call it Fortran, and yet others call it Java. In all we call these mid and high level languages. Machines that you see today, as they have since their advent, take in inputs, and through a series of controlled steps whose sum we call an algorithm, produce an output. What we call computation is what is accomplished by algorithms. Computability is the term to denote the ability for a computing device to accomplish an algorithm. These algorithms are built on the mathematics of logic, and are described in literature that deals with logic, paper machines, state machines, turing machines, and automata. Sir, there is a lot to learn and I'm sure if you dedicate some of your time to the subject you will see the many complexities that are involved in this wonderfully detailed science that will present to you a depth of knowledge I imagine you have never before conceived of!

I'm not trying to accomplish anything, you ask very broad questions and I give appropriate responses--at least from my perspective. I can graciously step out if you feel you understand khaled or Ben Bowen better. Enjoy!

'Turing Machines' are computing devices used to investigate the theory of computation.

It's a very interesting line of research that I otherwise had never heard of. I'm very interested in how selectivity for CO2 at low pressures is achieved and how the CO2 is subsequently released. I will definitely read the article once my confirmation email comes through.

Well I just linked the authors link to his own book online, you can read it there or buy it if you wish. The book is very limited in its exposition and will only serve as a very brief introduction to the concept. It's like an extended Wikipedia article on the topic, but honestly wiki probably does a better job.

This makes me think of hemoglobin but with the center carrying CO2. Preventing excess CO2 from entering the atmosphere can help make CO2 management a manageable problem. My thoughts on this would be to capture the CO2 at source and diffuse the excess through algae tanks for H2 production and other applications. Algae isn't necessarily the most readily accommodating material for realizing flue filtration. I don't see research into technologies like these as ever being a waste of research, although they might be an unjustified use of resources. I'm sure something like this will find application somewhere. This sounds to me like a promising technology for spacecraft, submarine, or aircraft missions and the demands of closed space human respiration carbon capture.

Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup For the not so sissy boys: Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals by M. Morris Mano and Charles Kime or a sissy book online: How Computers Work Processor and Main Memory by Roger Young

The following is a paper that goes over CAH, CAIS, and 5a-RD-2 and the effects on gender identity FTM/HTM persons. P.T. Cohen-Kettenis, "Psychosocial and psychosexual aspects of disorders of sex development ." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 24, Issue 2, April 2010, Pages 325-334, ISSN 1521-690X, 10.1016/j.beem.2009.11.005. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521690X09001468) also available here Bentz EK, Schneeberger C, Hefler LA, van Trotsenburg M, Kaufmann U, Huber JC, Tempfer CB. "A common polymorphism of the SRD5A2 gene and transsexualism." Reprod Sci. 14.7 (2007):705-9. Sage. Web. April 07 2012 http://rsx.sagepub.com/content/14/7/705.full.pdf+html

I wish there were more public places that were designed to be social venues that extend beyond commercial centers. I would like to see public places that were more like a greenhouse/atrium/arborarium/biodome where people could go to hang out with friends and enjoy a nice environment filled with flowers and small birds etc. I'm not sure if this fits on the list but I see it as one way in which such a place could be realized, by public funding! It doesn't have to be indoors and it can be any sociably friendly venue that helps bring people together without introducing cost. All people do these days is watch tv.

A computing book will discuss hardware solutions, of the digital variety in most cases. A book on computation will cover either logic and grammar, or algorithms. If this doesn't satisfy your question I'm probably not the right person to ask, my formal knowledge of the subject is limited, most of what I know comes from experience and not from education. You might want to try StackOverflow if no one here answers your question in a manner which satisfies your curiosity. At the same time you might want to move on, I think you are thinking too deeply on a rather simple topic and you would most benefit from involving yourself in related activities. I'm sorry that I haven't been more helpful!

I'm sorry khaled I'm not sure what you are saying. From a logic perspective I have statements that take statements as arguments and then map them onto other statements. Computation is the set of rules, computing is the act of executing the rules and storing the information by means of any device. A device is a computer, a brain, a calendar . . . . You can't technically have one without the other . . . the rules must be performed somewhere to have any meaning. They are not synonymous but they are codependent.

Oh wait it did come from me, I don't know how that happened? :/ If a mod could fix that, I had no intention of negating his rep and I have no idea how that happened, because I swear my mouse never went near there, I did accidentally mash at some point and tabbed to another tab . . . It means that a computing device can also simply store information, it doesn't necessarily have to complete a computation. Computing is an informally defined word, computation tends to be more aggressively pursued in its definition because it has implications in intelligence and logic.

I don't but here are the words as used in their respective contexts: Parallel computations on pedigree data through mapping to configurable computing devices Performance Evaluation of Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Computation Accelerated by FPGA-based Custom Computing Machine Reverse Engineering with Shape Optimization using Workflow-Based Computation and Distributed Computing Computation acceleration on SGI RASC: FPGA based reconfigurable computing hardware DNA computation based approach for enhanced computing power I've looked through both "Theory of Computation" and "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation", neither of these give formal definitions. The fine distinguishing point in all cases tends to be that one is the 'software' or the 'soft act of thinking' the other is the 'hardware' or the 'hard processing of information', more generally speaking--take this as you will I am not a dictionary, nor writer there of. OK some might say that I write my own dictionary. I must point out again the negation did not come from me, I point this out because some have expressed concern over my use of the system!

As far as I'm aware in the psychological sciences there is no support of the theory that women are the more emotional sex, and so your question is moot. Describing oneself or being described as being more emotional doesn't make it true!

I would say that is an example of computation, not computing. A calender could be a computing device, that could be used for computation of dates and events. ** mainly because you are describing how a system was derived

There isn't a reason why computing couldn't be done mechanically, I should have dropped electronic . . .

Computation is a 'process performed' whereby quantities of logic are compounded into other logical statement(s)! Computing is the informal term used to denote the use of electronic devices to fulfill organizational tasks. The tasks fulfilled can include computation, but is not limited therein.

The ability to visualize and model systems in your head based on very abstract symbology!

The dangers of listing members viewing threads? I'm pretty sure that the effects of alcohol do not include fantasy like delusions of this scale magnitude--feel free to continue ignoring me by not replying to my comment! They are making a remake of this movie, I think that this is a great idea! All non-in-tact aside, what is with dreaming and its unusual predictability in bringing people to places not of this time? Why are we so bound to go to histories completely non-localized to our own? In my dreams I tend to be a bounty hunter. I am linked to other times by my unconscious mind, but somehow the connection is made stronger and more perceptible by technology. I am considered a fugitive and am hunted by a variety of organizations. Sometimes the whole thing becomes entirely too real and I must say that being shot is never very pleasant. This is almost the entirety of every dream I've ever had, I hunt, but the funny part is it always seems that it is me being hunted and I never find my target. I can't say that I've ever gone to a another planet but I've seen some pretty spectacular events here on earth. Atmospheric disturbances that caused the most horrific electrical storms I have ever seen. The world utterly and completely reduced to sand dunes. I would say that it was too much television as a child, but nothing I've ever seen on television can compare to what I've dreamed about. It's funny what the mind can create . . . .

Sounds like heresy to me! But in all seriousness what is taking the people so long? If this is so beneficial to them why haven't they gotten wind of it already? What barrier is there to such an infrastructure? The move to such an infrastructure can not be interfered with by government or it will fail regardless.

Orotic Aciduria!

Absolutely, and I had asked the question so that I might have a clearer mind in selecting my electives. I wasn't sure if I should keep my electives focused so that I can complete a second degree quickly a few years after my first, or if I should focus my electives on what will best complement my skill set and future endeavours. I'm sure in the end I will probably go back to complete at the minimum a second BSc but the time frame will depend on how much I can do without it. I'm never too worried about work, I am quite employable even without a degree and this is probably why it has taken me so long to go back to school--I was too busy buying shoes! Thanks for the feedback mississippichem!

I'm looking at completing my undergraduate as a double major in mathematics and computer science, but I want to do computational chemistry. The school offers a graduate degree in mathematics that specializes in scientific computing. From the perspective of a researcher would this be sufficient to publish papers in the field of quantum computational chemistry, or would I be looking at getting the second degree in chemistry or biochemistry as well?

I play air guitar!