BabcockHall

I do not know the answer to your question, but I wonder whether or not you mean protein synthesis, as opposed to lipid synthesis.

Do you know what µM stands for? Do you know what molecular weight is?

A good place for you to start might be identifying the non-enzyme molecule that plays the key role.

I have been reading Cox and Nelson's Principles of Biochemistry, 6th ed., Chapter 19. I have some questions about the two regions of the thylakoid membrane. In one portion of the chapter, then refer to the stacks as grana and the non stacked regions as stromal lamellae. They seem to use appressed membranes synonymously with grana and nonappressed membranes synonymously with stromal lamellae. It also looks as if the phosphorylation of LHC-II-OH (light harvesting complex II) causes it to un-appress the membrane nearby, and when LHC-II-OPO32- is dephosphorylated, the surrounding membrane is appressed again. Is this correct? Are there any subtleties in the language I should know about?

This is a fairly complex question; therefore, a small amount of guidance is not entirely without justification. The answer to at least one of these questions depends upon whether the substrate is an ester or an amide.

@OP, what do you think is the bond order between carbon and oxygen in the two things labeled "CO" in your structure?

@OP, One can write two resonance forms for benzene, both of which contribute equally to the true structure, which is a hybrid (blend).

You must mean the chloride channel, not the chlorine channel. Typically, how does cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulate proteins?

Alkaline phosphatase is relatively unconcerned with the R group in the phosphomonoester that it hydrolyzes to an alcohol (ROH) and inorganic phosphate. It is my understanding that the R group does not interact strongly with the active site but points away from it. I don't have a citation handy. I am not sure about alcohol dehydrogenase, but it might be a good working hypothesis.

I am no bacteriologist, but I seem to recall that E. coli is a facultative anaerobe and can function both aerobically and anaerobically.

An equation for exponential decay is A(t) = A0e(-kt). I would use the information in the problem to calculate the rate constant k, then I would calculate the half-time (t1/2) from the rate constant.

Please show us your attempts.

Answers A and C are not terribly likely as the question is written. Beyond that, I am not aware of a difference in amino acid content between parallel and antiparallel beta strands. The structure of DNA is not related to this question.

Please show your attempt first, then someone can point you in the right direction.

So far so good. The product is formed in two steps with one intermediate, which is a carbocation. This is an addition reaction. Does that help?

We are here to help you, not to hand out answers. Can you show us your attempt to balance this equation, based upon studiot's hint? Then we can help you.

MrRobin, Giving someone help should not cross over the line into doing their work for them, at least that is what the policies of this forum imply. Please show us please attempt to balance.

Please show your work first, then we can help you.

Please show what you have attempted so far and give your thoughts.

A is not a reasonable answer, either. Antiparallel strands can be connected by beta-turns, but I don't see how parallel strands could be. As a generalization, I don't see why domains cannot pack against each other. However, I think that answer D is internally inconsistent. See what you can do with that.

What you wrote about NaOH is unclear. Would you check it? Also, please show your attempt to solve this problem.

So far, I have not found an error. I did see one thing that bothered me a bit, and it could be a clue. It is difficult to see how the protonated form of a phosphine could be a ligand to the metal ion. The unprotonated form would be fine.

It would help the clarity of your question if you defined n, m, and M clearly and unambiguously.

I would assign oxidation numbers to carbon on the basis of ON(C) = (# of bonds to O, N, or X) -(# of bonds to H). In some reactions, one carbon is oxidized while another is reduced, leading to no net oxidation or reduction.

You may be overthinking this. How would you perform 2 while the cells are still intact?