BabcockHall

One needs to specify whether we are talking about bacteria or humans. The generally accepted number for humans is 30-32 ATP per glucose, as John Cuthber's link provides. The reason that there is uncertainty is that there are more than one ways to move the electrons of cytoplasmic NADH into the mitochondria. IIRC in bacteria, the number of ATP per glucose is slightly higher and may be 36.

Chlorine is much larger than boron. I am not sure that its orbitals will overlap effectively with the orbitals of boron.

How much molar excess ion exchange resin did you use? Which resin did you use? Bromide binds a little bit more strongly to some exchangers than chloride does, so that fact should help the exchange.

What are you thoughts? We cannot help you until you show us what yo have done so far.

From the abstract by Ballantyne and coworkers, "However, safety testing revealed that the combination of hypochlorite and ethanol produced levels of gaseous chlorine at or above the recommended exposure limits. Subsequently, a cleaning protocol of 1% hypochlorite followed by distilled water was tested for efficacy, and subsequently introduced throughout the laboratory." This is an interesting question. Oxidation of an alcohol by hypochlorite should produce chloride ion, as opposed to chlorine gas. http://organic.chem.tamu.edu/Prelab.PowerPoints/Printed%20Slides%20-%20237/Oxidation%20of%20a%20Secondary%20Alcohol-12c.pdf

Bleach is sometimes used to decontaminate prior to performing PCR amplification of DNA. Some protocols used 70% ethanol afterwards, but this releases chlorine gas: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00450618.2015.1004195?src=recsys&journalCode=tajf20

What are your thoughts? Once you provide your ideas, someone may be able to help you.

Do you mean triglyceride? If so, then what do you think of the relative polarities of a triglyceride and a typical phospholipid?

It has been many years since I studied freezing of glycerol solutions. IIRC at about 67% glycerol, one never actually sees freezing, but instead one gets a glass. There is some good literature out there because of electron microscopy, low temperature EPR studies (EPR spectroscopists prefer glasses), and crocrystallography. It took me a while to tap into it, though.

Is this homework? Do you know what the definition of activity is?

Would you mind defining your abbreviations? They are not familiar to me.

Acid-base chemistry is important in organic, and some students really struggle with it. Therefore, I would say that winter break is a great time to nail the basics completely.

Would you care to define polarizability for us?

The size and composition of the meal are probably factors which go into how quickly the stomach empties a given meal.

There are also DNA sequences of the same protein in different organisms, for example.

Your opening post was poorly formatted and had no pKa values or names of amino acids. When it was pointed out to you that your understanding of electronegativity was wrong, you should have looked it up yourself. Helping someone is not the same as doing their work for them. The three amino amino acids with positively charged side-chains have very different structures, and for that reason alone, attempting to explain all of their values with one single concept is unlikely to lead to success. With respect to the ammonium groups in amino acids both electronegativity and electrostatics are factors (although it might make sense to start with electronegativity).

Between the hydrogen atoms of the t-butyl group and the hydrogen in question there are four bonds, not two bonds. When there are four bonds, the coupling constant is usually small and may be undetectable.

Get a plastic model kit for organic chemistry. It can be difficult to visualize organic molecules in three dimensions, but a good model kit can help immensely.

Electronegativity concerns electrons being potentially shared in a covalent or other kind of bond. Electron affinity is a measure of the change in energy when an atom gains an electron; therefore, it could be thought of as how much an atom wants to gain an electron. I was thinking of low-level electrostatics. Pro tip: being rude to people who are trying to help you is not a winning strategy.

28 of 88 reviews were "free full text." You can ask Pubmed to give you this option. Here is one example: 14-3-3 proteins as potential therapeutic targets. Zhao J, Meyerkord CL, Du Y, Khuri FR, Fu H. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011 Sep;22(7):705-12. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.012. Review. PMID: 21983031 Free PMC Article Similar articles

Gamma Girl, Your answer does not make any sense. What is n? Also it seems to me that you may be confusing rules that govern splitting with rules that govern the integration of peaks. With respect to the question that I asked, the answer is that hydrogen atoms that are connected by two or three bonds show coupling that is typically easily seen. Hydrogen atoms connected by four or more bonds couple with each other with such small coupling constants that it is often difficult or impossible to detect. Unless your instructor told you otherwise, it is probably a safe bet that coupling between hydrogen atoms that are separated by four or more bonds can be ignored.

What were you taught with respect to the number of bonds that connect two atoms that show coupling?

Your definition of electronegativity is misleading, and not all amino acids have an amino group at the epsilon position. I would focus on electrostatics.

I went to Pubmed, searched "14-3-3 protein cancer" and I limited my search to review articles. I found 88 citations that way.

What did you find out about the metabolism of leucine?