CharonY

Isopropanol and ethanol are realatively close in terms of their dissolution ability. Ethanol is slightly more polar and more salt tolerant. However, for cleaning purposes denatured ethanol should be used (due to cost issues). I have no idea why a well-equipped lab is insane (well, two bottles is rather poorly equipped, actually).

The other symptoms could be a panic attack associated with the feeling of loss of control. From what I have heard it is not that unusual. Not necessarily in conjunction with orthostatic hypertension, but with all episodes that may result in the (temporary) loss of body control. Somewhat close to a mild shock IIRC.

70% ethanol is for disinfection. For oil removal you can use either isopropanol or ethanol.

Academic merit alone won't get you very far, as the market is just too crowded to shine with that alone. However, having a strong network will increase your chances being at the right place at the right time.

One simple way is ultracentrifugation after lysis. For more fractions creating a suitable density gradient can be used. The latter is a little bit tricky.

People? Which people? Polls tell a different story. My link. The people (whoever they are) apparently are divided with a skew towards letting the tax cuts expire for the highest earners.

Before we go off into too much speculations check this out My link. I still have not found the time to read the paper in more detail, but she picks out and elaborates a few things that I have noticed by skimming, as well as things that I have missed.

OECD studies are probably good for international comparisons.

Using aggressive methods essentially all plasmids can be transferred into the cell. They just may not propagate (lacking e.g. the proper ori, being lethal to the cell, etc.)

So we have to dance to the tune of the funding agencies as well as to the public? Darn.

Standard curve: plot size and migration length on semi-log paper. You cannot measure size with undigested plasmid with this (think about why and how it is different from the other products). If you can see the markers but nothing else you likely made an error somewhere, as mentioned above.

Magnification/numerical aperture; mechanical tube length/cover glass thickness (for higher NA)

What I have to add is that the bacterium did not have a totally altered phsyiology per se. It is just able to withstand enormous concentrations of As and incorporate it into its chemistry and still survive that. I have only skimmed the paper but from the data it appeared to me that they generally just measured the proportion of P to As (and P was not 0), indirectly suggesting a gradual replacement, rather than full utilization of As. However, I would to find a quiet minute to read it more thoroughly.

Widdekind, the error in that picture is possibly based on the assumption that there is some kind of base state that consists of defined elements. A cell, however, is in constant flux. There is, for instance generally, not necessarily a standard mass m, but rather it would be the minimum mass, immediately after the division. Depending on situation the cell could stay at that for a while, increase mass up until a certain extent without division, or increase mass with division. Cell division regulation is not necessarily coupled to cell mass. In addition, none of the daughter cells is really the original cell. Both really are. The original cell just formed a septum and split itself in two. Except in cases of budding both are pretty much equivalent and it is pretty much arbitrary to define one of the cells as the original. In bacteria you could anchor it on the original DNA molecule, as during replication a second one is formed and moved to the other side of the cell division site. For eukaryotes this is not possible as during mitosis each half of a chromosome gets moved to each new cell. It is purely by chance whether it is the newly synthesized chromatid or the original one. Pioneer, you are heavily confusing meiosis with DNA replication. That is not helping.

Lemur, you kind of misunderstand the research on evolution. Research in the are could e.g. be focused on the use of molecular clocks to time divergence. In that case a hypothesis regarding how it could be done is made and the subsequent analysis should contain controls. Studies geared towards falsifying evolution (and failing) is basically like proposing to build a perpetuum mobile (and failing). It does not add scientific relevant information.

Which beancounters are you referring to?

I just came across that bit here: My link Essentially Eric Cantor proposes to cut wasteful spending by having citizens sift through grants approved by the National Science Foundation and pick out grants that are "questionable". As you may know, grant applications go through a rigorous review process and the vast majority of all grants are kicked out (depending on mechanism success rate is somewhere between 1-10 %). While outreach is a good thing, this call puts the science to be discussed already in a negative perspective. Moreover, NSF grants require a statement of their broader impact. From the submission guidelines: What do you think about that?

An interesting article regarding the more practical aspects of death penalties. My link

Depends on the definition of cultures. Not all are anchored to humans. Or do you mean we should not use precisely those definitions? I am using that in terms of traditional culture. I.e. passing down behaviors along the generations without actually direct exposure to the initial source leading to the rise of the given tradition.

A major source of RNA degradation is also of biological origin- RNAses are everywhere. Moreover, RNAses are much more stable than DNAses. The mentioned fast degradation of RNA within a few minutes is almost certainly caused by minute RNAse contamination. The use of thymine instead of uracil has less to do with molecule stability (in terms of degradation) but is most likely a mechanism to reduce mutations. Deamination of cytosine form uracil. Its presence in the DNA would therefore complicate the repair of this kind of mutation.

Let's make it apnea dive basket weaving and I am in.

That is generally called molecular biology.

The 260/280 ratio is based on the absorbance of the sample measured at the indicated wavelength. On OD of 2 is rather odd unless you factored dilutions in. Most photometers are unreliable with values near 1.

Eh, visual images are recreation based on excitation patterns in your retina due to absorbed photons. To the topic, for most pictures I do not see that they novel techniques are used. Just nice samples.

They are also able to solve longer logic riddles (e.g. pulling up a short stick dangling from a rope to get to a longer stick that allows then finally to retrieve food) without active training. Also they communicate dangers and teach their kids to stay away from certain individuals. Since the kids react to the person without actually having interacted with them before it is the basis for the formation of culture (in the sense of transmitting information across generations).I think we had a thread about it (specifically the worm and the stone experiment) in the news section. I personally liked the part when one of the crows decided not to participate because he got sick after eating a worm.