CharonY

And if your question is how sex evolved, well it is pretty complicated (with hardly any simple answers). One interesting bit is the possible involvement of mobile genetic elements. For example transposons: http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=CGR20051101_4372 http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v2/n8/full/nrg0801_597a.html

Well, there is a difference between controlling emotions and having none at all. Emotions are tightly associated with motivation. Maybe you recall times when you had to choose between things that have no preference over each other, or when you simply do not care. In theory these choices should be easy, as any choice would be equivalent to the other. However, have you noted how long it sometimes can take to decide in such a situation (or just state "I do not care. You choose")?

A warm welcome to all newcomers. Share topics that you are interested in and get started.

I would refer to some reviews: In short the evidence is not absolutely conclusively. In one study in adolescents it appears that abstinence from cannabis may reduce the damages due to abuse. I assume that it is heavily dependent on amount and length of consumption, as well as individual susceptibilities. In others, long-term effects were detected.

Then I am out of ideas. Maybe you should check the pH of the solutions. But quite frankly I would not know why a higher concentration should have less impact than a low one.

Note the importance of Mokele's post Medical innovations are usually heavily dependent on basal research conducted on federal money. The US pours a lot of money into applied medical research (just think NIH, the single largest funding body). Changing the health care system will not affect that.

Also factor in the amount of disinformation floating around. Even in rather simple cases of vaccination.

This is weird. Normally you have to slightly heat the solution to around 37 C to prepare the 8M solution. The 6M should work fine on RT. The reverse does not make much sense to me. Is the water you are using OK?

Seconded. Also, the important bits are used repeatedly and hence, rarely forgotten.

It depends a lot on the microscope. In a high-quality one, especially with phase contrast one can see them quite well without dyes. Dyes are bought from usual chemical suppliers.

Yes indeed. I wanted only to point out that temperature (and pressure) do have an effect in special cases. I should have noted that it is not due to increase or decrease of energy, but rather increasing the chance that an electron encounters a nucleus.

Well, for electron-capture decay the half time accelerated by a whooping 1.5% by going from 293 to 5 K (provided the measurements are accurate). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17678017 But this is a special case which has not impact on dating.

This is unbelievable. It is not even a spin or twisting of words anymore.

Try removing the amygdala and see what it does (or read a bit about it, there is quite some literature about it around).

Why of course, it could have been anything from proteins to T-shirts. That being said, I cannot think of a stain off-hand that you could home-brew. E.g just for counting purposes mostly DAPI is used or crystal violet for differential Gram stain. Also all that I can think of are somewhat toxic or carcinogenic, as they interact with various elements of the cell, including DNA.

Printing genetic code on a T-shirt? Or how about a chromosome map? DNA is so Watson and Crick.

What kind of stains?

This article is actually an essay and also about a year old. However, I found myself pulling it out every so often to show it to new grad students. Essentially, is you do not feel stupid doing what you are doing, you are not trying hard enough. http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/121/11/1771

Generally you start off with a hypothesis, before you conduct such a trial. Although depending on the complexity of the problem it is likely that the initial hypothesis does not cover everything from the beginning. You will note that the authors have breaking down the behavior into quantifiable elements. For instance, they looked for a correlation between number of stones used before they tried to pick up the worm and the water level. The basic hypothesis here is if they just throw things in and hope that the worm for some reason becomes reachable, there should not be a strong correlation. With human subjects one often tries to conceal the hypothesis so that any preconceptions on their side does not influence the experiment.

It is described in the paper, actually. They monitored the water level and could assess how many stones are needed to rise the water level to a given height. Also they learned that sawdust does not increase the water levels. In other words they did not just randomly drop things in, but apparently had a good idea what is supposed to happen.

The polyadenylation is outside the coding area. I.e. it will not get translated.

Precisely. For instance there are stark differences between UK, Japan, Australia or Canada. However all of them have (to my knowledge) universal single-payer systems. In other words, there are also other factors in play beside the insurance plan. That being said, with the exception of the UK many countries are similar or even surpass in some cancer types the USA- at a lower cost for insurance. And finally, there is a rather interesting result of the study which showed that in the USA blacks have an almost 10% lower survival rate than whites for all cancer types.

Well let's start by saying that phrenology has been revealed to be pseudoscience. Writing about the history of it may be interesting, but would not be a biological project.

It should be added that polyadenylation of mRNAs is primarily found in eukaryotes.

Yes Mokele, that is a classic. I should have posted that in the OP, too. I only stumbled across that paper and just had to put it up.