Universe ¥
Introduction
My idea has its origin from the need to exclude the existence of other Universes or some "Creator" from the
description of the birth of our Universe.
“Everything must start from nothing”
otherwise, we would have to assume that something exists outside of our Universe.
Actually I believe in God, but I think, also, that He has done everything from nothing.
Discussion
We know, from a wide range of experiments, that it is impossible to create the matter without the same amount
of antimatter. In order to do this, we need of energy and we can borrow this energy from nothing (The
Heisenberg Principle) using "a very short time":
ΔE.Δt ≈h
Using the nothing as the main ingredient, however, arise at least two problems:
1) When a proton and an antiproton collide such as an electron and a positron we get Energy and not the
zero (nothing). Then, starting from nothing, in order to get matter + antimatter is not the inverse process.
2) In our universe seems to exist less antimatter than matter. (The symmetry is broken).
I believe that to solve these two points is possible to use only empty space, restoring the symmetry lost.
To try to simplify my reasoning I refer to our Universe as the " Green Universe " and to another type of Universe,
where the entropy and the time are opposite to our, as the " Red Universe".
THERE IS NOT A "BEGINNING" AND THE "NOTHING" HAS ONLY THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE:
From nothing originate two types of universes. It is better to say that “nothing” is made of two opposite Universes.
The part shown on the right side of figure 1 is our Universe (Green Universe), the left part is an universe that we cannot see because time flows in the opposite respect to our, THE TIME IS NEGATIVE. We live and we can see
only the green part of the whole.
In the centre of the figure, which represents the time zero or the origin and end of everything, is shown an equal
production of antimatter and Matter.
amount antimatter = amount matter
The same happens for the other two counterparts:
matter = antimatter
is also shown that matter and antimatter ( in our Universe) are not produced in the same amount. The same thing happens in the other Universe.
matter ≠ antimatter
matter ≠ antimatter
When matter and antimatter collide we don’t get a true annihilation (zero, the nonexistence), but energy (as it is known in our Universe).
Since, at the point of origin, the matter in our Universe was present in greater quantities than the antimatter, as well as the antimatter respect to matter in the Universe, in both cases, the Universes are in expansion (due to the loss of mass or anti-mass after matter and antimatter or matter and antimatter annihilation).
From the annihilation will remain a "residue", consisting of energy and matter.
matter + antimatter => matter + Energy
The same happen in the other universe:
matter + antimatter => antimatter + Energy
In fact, this time, is the antimatter to be present in largest amount.
From the point of view of the gravitational interactions we have that:
The antimatter attracts matter and rejects matter mutually
The matter attracts antimatter and rejects antimatter mutually
The evolution of the two Universes will proceed equally also if they are opposite. This apparent contradiction can
be resolved if it is thought that also the time goes in opposite direction.
If a movie was back projected, by reversing also the time, no one can see any difference.
In the Universe any sentient being made of antimatter, opposite to our matter, would perceive the flow of time in
our own way.
Consequently, in both Universes, everything will go toward the formation of structures as black holes and
formations of worm holes.
These "tunnel" are points of contact between the two Universes that allow to return to nothing, at the origin.
When a red tunnel touches a green tunnel they annihilate each other.
Matter + Antimatter => true vacuum
Energy + Energy => true vacuumIt is possible to use an algebraic and complex numbers approach to represent what has heretofore described.
Our matter will be indicated as: (m + it).
m represents the spatial component and is related to the amount of matter
+it is the temporal portion and it is related to energy.
The antimatter will have only the spatial part with opposite sign, while the time will goes as for the matter, so will
be represented by the binomial:
(- n + it) with m > n > 0The antimatter of the other Universe will be, instead, exactly opposite to our matter, time included, then will be
represented by the binomial: (- m - it)
- it is related to the energy.
The matter therefore will be: (n - it), always with m > n > 0.
A possible interaction between matter and antimatter is set out below:
(m + it) + (– n + it) = [(m – n) + 2it]
(m – n) represents the residue of matter currently present in our Universe.
+2it represents a time dilation that has an effect on the expansion of space-time and energy produced by the annihilation.
The same as for the other part:
(– m – it) + (n – it) = [(– m + n) – 2it]
When through the worm holes these two entities come into contact again, there is the true “nothing”:
[(m-n) + 2it] + [(– m + n) – 2it] = true vacuum
The addition of the adjective "true" need to distinguish it from the “nothing” present in our Universe that, actually,
contains a residue of energy and it is full of evanescent virtual particles (i.e. e+e- pair).
From Energy (vacuum of our Universe) one always gets an equivalent amount of matter and antimatter, as well
as by the Energy (of the other Universe), the same amount of matter and antimatter.
From the “true” vacuum the equivalence is maintained only to the ratio between matter and antimatter, namely:
matter = antimatter = R ≠ 1
antimatter matter
These ratios can have any value greater than zero.
If R >1, it is possible to have two universes that will contain, at the end, an equal quantity of matter and antimatter.
If 0 < R < 1, two Universes with equal amounts of antimatter and matter.
When the two universes "touch" each other, the result is zero, the “true” nothing.
[(m-n) + 2it] + [(– m + n) – 2it] = zero
This process is cyclical and always active. Can exist therefore infinite universes and continue to form
incessantly, probably with different ratios matter/antimatter.
The value of R must stay within a certain range around 1. If R was too larger than 1 or close to 0, the black holes
formation will increase and quickly the two Universes collapse and will return to nothing. If R was very close to 1
or just 1 the residue matter or antimatter would be too little and the universes produced would be "sterile". This is
correlated to the observation of a flatted Universe (W = 1).
Conclusion
As Popper said “Every theory must be falsifiable" and, actually, it would be enough to see the formation of matter
and antimatter from the “true” vacuum with a ratio different from 1.
The problem is finding a true vacuum in our Universe.
Probably, the "true" vacuum should be "frozen" in some bags present in our Universe, as fossil residue.
Since the space in which we find ourselves is full of energy and matter, perhaps one should seek inside of
atoms, between the subatomic particles where it should be more likely to find of the residues of “true” nothing or
maybe the bags, these empty globe with no space-time inside, are really extensive and dominate the scene in
our universe as “dark energy” and “matter”.
Sergio Reina
colors are lost
