Everyone knows that.
Than you understand, maybe.
You are not really challenging conventions. Apart from a few basic errors (some of which you have acknowledged - thank you) you are stating stuff that is common knowledge.
It is true that colours are affected slight differently because of diffraction and dispersion, but the calculation (based on observation) is simply based on the fact that light travels in straight lines.
I have no idea what any of that means, I'm afraid. It could be written in another language.
Yes, it is always true that the absence of light is shadow. Not really a particularly remarkable fact.
Science works because it checks things against reality. How do you test wisdom?
What does that mean?
Science is just a method for testing ideas against the real world.
I can see that not everyone is interested in that. But if so, why are you wasting your time on a science forum?