nnnnnn

I am not clear as to what a back cross is, can someone please show me an example. I know that you cross a F1 offspring with its parent, but what is a backcross trying to prove?

How are things like pigments and hormones passed on to the next generation? Since pigments arent proteins and cant be coded for in the DNA

in general what factor would determine the appropritate scale? I dont understand..what are plots and what determines how large or small they are?

Would you use a large number of replicates in a field or lab experiment? I would think you use a large number in both..? How would i know how many replicates i need?