Elite Engineer

Figure, you have a heat source, heating up air in a pressurized chamber, with no outlet/exhaust...why doesn't it explode due to pressure build up of the heated gas? ~EE

I'm distilling essential oils. I started distilling limonene using lemons, and got a fairly decent yield with just 4 lemons. I used 8 lemons the second time around and got virtually no oils at all. Any thoughts? ~EE

there are other youtube channels that go into detail on gen chem. You jsut have to look around. I also suggest you use youtube b/c it's free.

Thanks! I'm one to LOVE science, and I can't see myself not doing it. Why take a degree in a really demanding field that needs the personnel and go down a completely different path?

I have a degree in biotechnology. I run assays, do research, I'm a lab technician. Most people in my field will generally do this for a living. What do people with bachelors in physics do for a living? I like to think they do the following: -Do research at a university/company -some kind of programmer? -Teaching Assistant -Tutor -teach (some where) ~is this right? ~EE

Why induce cell death if you're looking for increased efficiency? Just a thought, what about eukaryotes that produce immense amounts of energy in a short period of time..like a hummingbird? ~ee

what exactly is that you are doing?

we need your numerical values first, to make sure you have the correct ratios. ~ee

Whether you're a first year college student or a PhD, everyone at some point has done some experiment in which something went terribly wrong, and may have turned out worse. My two mishaps: 1.) When I was in college, I was melting aluminum to make into ingots for later use. One day I decided to make a cast out of a plaster of paris and sand mixture. I used a 30 mL vial to form a 3 inch deep hole to pour the molten aluminum into. Unfortunately, I had no idea that you had to dry the mold so there was no water in it. So, when I poured the aluminum into the whole, there was an instant loud pop and molten aluminum went flying. The aluminum instantly converted all the water in the mold to steam, forcing the aluminum out of the hole. Luckily, my crucible was at the perfect angle and caught about 90% the flying molten metal...it was so so covered it looked as if you wrapped it in aluminum foil. I still wonder what would have happened if that crucible weren't there to save my face . 2.) Bach in high school, I tried to make sulfuric acid by burning sulfur and passing it through a vacuum through a tub of water. So I had the vacuum all set and I started to burn the sulfur (about 100 grams) with a blow torch in my garage..with the door shut.. . Apparently I forgot to turn the vacuum on, so once I burned the sulfur..all the wonderful sulfur dioxide went right into my nose and eyes, and it BURNED...REAL BAD! I made B-Line for my house and started splashing water in my face and up my nose. Thankfully, there wasn't any severe injuries, just a lesson to never try and make my own sulfuric acid at home. What are some of your mishap? ~ee

I understand fire as just being highly energized gas molecules. Therefore, blue flame is hotter than a red flame, because the gas molecules are much more excited, right? ~ee

Why aren't jet packs out in the world? Doesn't have to be a commercial thing. Why not the military, or super-rich. Im talking rocket powered jet packs, not those pusedo-jet packs that shoot out water -Is it the physics, the risk? The Ford Pinto was a public car at one time, and you cant say that wasn't risky. ~ee

Honestly, I would recommend taking a couple of basic chemistry, biology and biochemistry classes at a local community college for cheap $$. You can only teach yourself so much for so long...I speak from experience. ~EE

Ask away

Methanol would denature the protein, not assist it in folding. Maybe he's talking about the Folch extraction method? I know that trifluoroethanol can help stabilize protein helices, but only in very small concentrations. ~EE

It depends on the original substrate that binds to the receptor and how the competitive molecule's appearance/ properties. Could be as simple as a rightly placed functional group. For example: Pyridoxal phosphate binds to ornithine decarboxylase reversibly. However when difluoromethylornithine (DMFO) is bound to pyridoxal phosphate the enzyme is inactivated by covalently bonding the serine residue to the DFMO molecule. This is a small modification done to the molecule, but nonethless inhibits enzyme activity. The same thing happens with receptors. All it takes is a modification with a functional group or as small molecule! ~ee

I honestly dont know of any specific textbooks or sources you could read, but I can explain briefly the basics of what Yamanka did to induce pluripotent stem cells. -Yamanaka over-expressed certain genes (Yamanaka factors) in somatic cells to induce pluripotent activation. For example, "Oct4" and "Sox2" are transcription factors for maintaining pluripotent characteristics in the new;y altered cell. There's much more than this tho. Try wikipedia. ~ee

Nicely explained!

Why do molecules have the densities they have? Is it teh relative strength of the bonds between the atoms? The stronger the bond (ex: C-C bond) the more dense the molecule? ~EE

Ya I'm pretty stocky. Thick shoulders, solid arms.

Lol @ 145lbs is nothing. I'm 5'9" and 190 lbs, but Im all muscle (not tryingto brag ) ~ee

Upon starving conditions in which there are no more carbohydrates (glycogen) for the glycolytic pathway, your body will first metabolize fat (gluconeogensis) first then protein, with the latter resulting in ketone bodies (very bad). The body will metabolize lipids first, before proteins because it requires less energy, as it takes more energy to convert AA's into glucose. However, starving yourself isn't a means of adequate weight loss. Also, your body is less likely to specifically target abdomen fat first for gluconeogensis. Fat is more transient in the face and extremities, which is why starving people have a sunken looking face. If you want to lose abdomen fat, either: do more ab workouts or go on a carb light diet..its the only way, bra. ~EE

Wow, very nice, thanks that was very helpful!

Good point.But wouldn't an emulsion usually happen with amphipathic compounds?

So I read about the various nonpolar aromatics present in whiskey and decided I would try to separate them out (I was bored). I measured 2 mL of Jefferson creek whiskey and 3 mL of xylene into a vial, mixed and then centrifuged for 5 minutes. When I looked at the vial, there was the organic phase on top, relatively clear and then below that was a solid white precipitate, with a color exactly like egg whites. Below the white precipitate was the aqueous phase, consisting of a brown, clear liquid from the whiskey. When I pipitetted the white liquid out and mixed it with xylene, I found it was NOT miscible with the xylene and was therefore hydrophilic. I really have no idea what this was, any ideas? p.s.- I currently do not have a camera nor smart phone so i can post a picture. If I do in the near future I will! ~ee

I've checked alot of sites, but most discuss steam distillation or, just mention organic solvent extraction, without any detailed discussions Thank you though!