Proton Head

Well, what do you know I must be a quick learner. Btw how can you say that the other guys have pointed out weaknesses in the theory when I have not even had the time to comment them? In any case, I will be returning to some of the questions but for now This is where you got it wrong. Look, if the situation is like in your example: 1 > 2 > < 3 I will number the units and show what happens according to the theory. First units 2 and 3 collide and the situation is: 1 > < 2 3 > Then units 1 and 2 collide and the situation turns out: < 1 2 > 3 > that is: < > > So it would be as you say happens in reality. I would postulate that photons do infact interact, but it is left unnoticed because the result is the same as if they just passed through each other wihtout interacting. This is something I will give more detail when I talk about interference. Yes I am aware of this. However I think of it as this way. Since mass and energy are interconnected, energy and temperature are interconnected and energy and speed are interconnected, then they are all interconnected. So if any one of the quantities mass, energy, speed (velocity) or temperature is quantized then they all are. So if energy is quantized so is speed. I have always thought that energy is observed to be quantized. For example the energy of EM radiation is given of in quanta of E = h*f About the number of units, yes as I have added in the explanation section, the distance between 2 units is the wavelength of the particle. This means that at any given moment the units an electron would hold would be around 10^30 (a very rough estimate). I don't understand your view. I see myself as saying that waves and particles are nothing sort of distinct.

More coming up...

Here I will post and edit anything which I think can be explained through these assumptions. I will show units travelling right as >, and units travelling left as <. Remember the examples are highly simplified, and in reality everything composes of a huge amount of units. Thus far there are ideas of: 1. The meaning of speed. 2. Speed of light is the ultimate speed. 3. Mass - Energy equivalence. 4. Quantization of mass and energy. 5. Conservation laws. 6. Matter - Wave dualism, wavelenght and frequency. 1. The meaning of speed. How can it be that even though the units always move at speed of light, there are clearly objects not moving with speed of light, in fact there are objects which seem to be at rest? First let us think about waves. Remember EM radiation was always travelling at speed of light (in a vacuum when there's no interfering units). Why is it so? It is because according to the assumptions, waves are lines of units travelling in just one direction. So there is nothing opposing the movement of the units, and the collection of units (the wave) as a whole moves at speed of light. An example wave: > > > > > Now let us turn to particles. Let's remember that according to the assumptions particles were formed when there were units travelling in opposite directions. Inside the particles units travelling at opposite directions are constantly colliding and thus constantly changing the direction of their movement. This means that even though the units themselves are constantly moving at speed of light, the collection of the units (the particle) can have any speed between zero and < c An example particle: > > > > > < < < < < This is an example of a particle at rest. There is an equal number of units on both sides. Think about what is happening inside the particle all the time. The innermost units collide and change directions. But then they collide at the second innermost unit and change their direction again, only to collide again on each other. This happens to all the units inside the particle. They bounce back and forth inside the particle. This holds true for all units except the very outermost which will after one collision escape the particle. This is the cause of radiation and fields and will be discussed later. Let's try to give a quantitative approach on speed: When there are units travelling in only one direction the speed of the collection they form is c. When there are equal amount of units travelling in opposite direction the speed of the collection they form is 0. So depending on the difference in the number of units on the sides, the collection formed can have any speed between zero and less than c. The speed of a particle is the difference of units travelling at opposite directions divided by the total number of units. For example: > > > > < < < Difference in units is 1. Total number of units is 7. The speed of this particle is 1/7 c. If n1 is the number of units travelling right, and n2 is the number of units travelling left, the speed of the particle V = |n1-n2| / (n1+n2) 2. Speed of light is the ultimate speed. The reason why speed of light cannot be overcome is the fact that the speed of light is the speed at which the elementary units move. Collections of particles can move at speeds slower than speed of light, due to the fact that units moving in opposing directions slow the complex down. However nothing moves faster than light due to the fact that there is nothing which could "speed up" the elementary particles. The reason why no particle can achieve the speed of light is due to the fact that as was stated in the assumptions, humans view collections of units with units moving in opposing directions as particles. So every particle is going to have at least 1 opposing layer, meaning that it's speed is going to differ from the speed of light by at least (1/n)*c, where n can be any integer. 3. Mass - Energy equivalence. The assumptions immediately hint at this very interesting view of the mass-energy equivalence proposed by special relativity. According to special relativity a particle at rest with mass m, holds internal energy mc^2. The term mc^2 can be broken down to 2 equal terms, mc^2 = 1/2*mc^2 + 1/2*mc^2. We remember that a particle at rest had equal number of units at both sides. So one side of the particle holds internal energy 1/2*mc^2, in other words the units travelling in one direction hold that energy. We now note that the term 1/2*mc^2 is the same form as the equation for kinetic energy (1/2*mv^2) for a particle travelling at the speed of light. (As a side note, the expression for kinetic energy 1/2*mv^2 holds true even at relativistic speeds as long as the increase in mass is taken into account.) The term 1/2*mc^2 can yet be broken down to the Sum of 1/2*m'c^2, where m' is the mass of one unit forming the particle. In other words we see that the internal energy of a particle is in fact the sum of the kinetic energies of the units forming the particle. 4. Quantization of mass and energy. The observed quantization of mass and energy is the very basic standpoint of this theory. As the Universe is composed of similar units with Mass m' and Energy E', in all interactions the change in Energy or Mass is given by k*m' or k*E', where k is an integer. 5. Conservation laws. The three conservation laws, conservation of energy, conservation of momentum and conservation of angular momentum. Let's focus on the first 2 for now since the 3rd requires analysis of multidimensional situation. Energy is conserved due to the fact that the amount of elementary units is fixed. They do not change in any way and all carry a fixed qunatity of energy E'. Momentum is conserved due to the fact that as the number of elementary units stays the same, so does their mass (m') and speed ©. Also when two units collide both change the direction of their movement which means that the total direction of the velocities also stays fixed. 6. Matter - Wave dualism, wavelenght and frequency. Why are both properties experienced in what is traditionally viewed as pure partivles and pure waves. The answer lies in the fact that both waves and particles are composed of the same elementary units. Only their orientation differs. Wavelenght is the distance between 2 elementary units, and frequency tells how many units pass a given point per unit time. A short wavelenght wave carries a lot of energy due to the fact that the elemental units (each carrying energy E') are spaced closer together. The situation is reversed in long wavelength waves. Due to the fact that particles hold opposing units, the units tend to get compressed closer together in particles than in waves. That makes the wavelenght of particles much smaller than the wavelenght of waves. The fact that the units in particles are spaced so close together is the reason why matter holds so much energy (this was explained before in part 3.). This becomes clearly evident in nuclear reactions when certain interactions cause the particles to realease a number of their closely spaced units. Was this written in an understandable manner? Any opinions/suggestions? Something not clear? Stay tuned...

But as you wish I will try to make my ideas into a clearer form. First: These are the assumptions of this theory: (For now I will only concentrate on one dimensional cases, so the word line and group can be used interchangeably. Also the units can have only 2 directions, left and right.) 1. The Universe has 1 fundamental building block. 2. The building block carries a quantity of energy E’ and moves at speed of light. 3. The building block can travel at any direction. 4. When 2 building blocks travelling at opposite directions collide, both change their direction of movement to exactly opposite (perhaps it helps you to view this as a perfectly elastic collision). 5. Humans view a line of building blocks in which all the units are travelling in one direction as waves (EM waves to be more precise). Lines of building blocks with units travelling in both (opposite) directions are viewed as particles.

Well at first I have to say I'm sorry if I have insulted any of you. That was not may intent. Maybe I've misunderstood some of your comments, which made me frustrated because it seemed you hadn't paid any attention to what I was saying but instead just attacking these kinds of posts. However... I'm sorry but should I value such a statement? Practically 3 people have posted on this thread besides me, and not one of them has posted anything constructive, for example to either show me where I was wrong or represent new ideas. All you've been telling me is how poor the idea is without giving one reason why it's (the idea itself not the expression) so poor. Here I would like to remind you that the idea can't be completely poor if it explains even a single phenomena, which it has done. Perhaps that is due to the bad expression of my idea, but still it can get one quite frustrated. However if there are people who have taken time to read what was written here I'm thankfull, firsthand it just didn't seem there were any. Education has nothing to do with it. It is simple thought play which should according to my view intrigue anyone interested in physics. So you can tell me I'm an idiot, but when I advice you to open up your mind and think things more thoroughly you have the right to get insulted? I would like to state that this far there has been no support or the opposite. And that is my biggest problem here. If it turns out the theory cannot explain some phenomena I will gladly modify it. But all I've been hearing from you these last 2 pages is: "This sucks." "Your expression sucks even more." "Go learn physics." "Kill yourself braindamage boy." Again it may be that our opinions are greatly different, but my view is that if someone cannot post anything positive OR negative of the SUBJECT itself, they have not spent time to understand it (or simply don't want to post, but it seems that people are posting here). Even though my last posts weren't particularily courteous, which I apologize for, my overall expression was that you just concentrated on my manners and dismissed all the questions I represented (i e what's wrong with giving a qualitative analysis?)

Oh and to the: "You can't draw physics out of your head", that was exactly what I was not doing. What I was doing was observing current, valid, experimentally measured physical laws and trying to give them an explanation which would require the use of less basic quantities. I am anxiously waiting for better views on time dilation, Lorenz contraction and mass-energy equivalence that I've given (if you bother to read them). Perhaps if you gave me your own (hopefully better) views on the subject, my false thoughts would hopefully be corrected.

Ahem...what have I been talking about here? Current theories DO NOT explain physical phenomena due to the high degree of discrimination. I have yet to see any theory (though I'm not at all familiar with string theories), which would explain why things happen the way they happen, without the use of a large number of basic quantities (as mass, temperature, speed, time and electric charge), and which would be consistent with itself over a large field. Then I feel sorry for you, but obviously we have different views. I wouldn't say though that "I don't get physics". I'm afraid it is you who has gone astray by blocking your mind.

Oh dear, oh dear... Just as I feared, it seems you didn't give a single thought to it (and that's what I meant with the word hostile). You just gave it a glance and were like "what is this cr*p!?" Eveyone has the right to write whatever they want, but I kindly ask anyone who gives comments to at least read through with thought what I've wrote. To answer your comments on the qualitative vs. quantitative are you trying to tell me that if I say something like: "Gases expand when temperature raises", philosophy because I gave a qualitative statement? Maybe it's just me but I regard that as a perfectly good physical statement. Afterwards I can dress it in mathematical form and say V = k*T, which would be a quantitative approach. What I've been doing here now is making similar (qualitative) statements as in the above example. I just have to add that do you think Newton's 1st law is philosophy due to the fact that it is stated in qualitative form, hmm? To the question of the "information layers" (which really have nothing to do with layers), all I can say is that they are the very building blocks of the Universe, which carry a set of energy and travel at the speed of light. And to you Atheist, I regard any physical theory that doesn't give an asnwer of Why (such as the theory of relativity) an ill theory. I'm tired of Einsteinism and the fact that virtually all current physicist put aside the fact that they have no idea why relativity is needed with the lame statement: "The Physical world differs from the world experienced by humans."

Hmmm time dilation keeps bothering me. A moving clock "runs slower" than a clock at rest. I can only think of it this way: Since everything real moves at speed of light, there is no time and clocks don't run. However once you view imaginary particles which have speeds differing from speed of light, you have to form a concept of time - the difference in change of objects. When moving at speed of light, the flow of time is zero. So clocks are running really slow, infact not at all. Once you decrease the speed (view imaginary objects) the flow of time becomes more and more evident. That is as the difference in change of objects becomes clearer and faster, clocks start running faster and faster, until at rest a maximum value for the flow of time has been reached and the clock is running the fastest it can. And that's that. Nothing really out of the ordinary there. Most people philosophising about relativity just don't think the meaning of time. Time can only be measured once there's a difference in speed (difference in the change of objects) so it's an imaginary concept. If all events were simultaneous noone could measure time. The more I think of relativity the more it's starting to feel like a hoax.

Yet another thing came to my mind. Doesn't the theory of relativity state that the particle's lenght should decrease in the direction of movement as its speed approaches the speed of light. Well yeah that's obvious isn't it. Since a particle is something formed of units moving in opposite directions. You can increase its speed by reducing the number of units on one side. But that makes its lenght decrease. Relativity states that at the speed of light the lenght of the particle should be zero. That's true because reaching speed of light means that you have completely removed the units from one side, but that would make the particle no longer aparticle, but instead a wave, so it's lenght would drop to zero.

Yeah exactly my point! That is exactly what this theory predicts. Once a particle loses mass it loses at least one elementary unit, which takes away internal energy worth it's kinetic energy 1/2*m'c^2 (m' is the apparent mass of 1 elementary particle). All you can say is that mass is only conserved energy, but then please define what you mean by "mass is only concentrated energy". I gave you an explanation why mass is concentrated energy. It's because the building blocks of mass have the ability to do work as its building blocks are elementary particles moving at speed c. No offence but is this all anyone can do? Take a hostile attitude? I didn't tell you to form an exact quantitative theory. All I asked was for you to think about this qualitatively. If you do, you will realize that it explains a whole lot of physical phenomena, and you can in some cases deduce that if it would be mathematized it would give similar laws as we know now. Doesn't it raise thought in you? That so many things can be explained only through the fact that there is only one kind of matter. One kind of "particle". One speed. One time. One interaction ("particles colliding" from different directions turn their direction of movement both). Don't you ever wonder, why we need so much basic quantities? Don't you ever wonder what's the difference of particles and waves? Don't you ever wonder why we need constants? Don't you ever wonder why we have to discriminate between matter? Let's look at some things you can predict directly, with no effort of thought put in it: Matter has wave like charasteristics and waves have particle like charasteristics, because they are both formed of the same elementary units. In matter the separation between these elementary units is just smaller, and they are travelling form 2 different directions. Nothing travels faster than speed of light, since everything travels at speed of light. The theory of relativity is needed because we humans don't view reality (the elementary units) but instead imaginary aggregates formed by them. For the same reason you can't travel faster than the speed of light you cannot reach absolute zero, because you cannot halt the elementary units - they always move at spped of light. So a particle is always going to have a certain quantity of kinetic energy (temperature). Momentum is conserved since the number of elementary units is the same at all times and so is their "mass" and speed (which is the speed of light). Particles hold internal energy E=mc^2, because the elementary units which they are composed of hold kinetic energy (the exact same amount predicted by E=mc^2). Light bends in gravity because waves and particles are the same. The light also gets interactred upon. Matter constantly radiates, because the outermost elementary units are constantly escaping out. Black holes exist because as the elementary units moving at different directions overlap they are immobilized. However even the Black Holes slowly decompose because even in their case the very outermost layer is constantly escaping out. All the forces are the result of a single phenomenon (the Grand Unified Theory), because all the forces arise simply from different kind of motion of the elementary units in space. The "fields" of the forces travel at speed of light and the forces themselves are mediated by particles (photons, gravitons etc.), because the fields are the elementary units escaping from the particles. If you think things through you see that in some cases, depending on the orientation of the elementary units, the interacting particles should turn into one way information (EM waves). This would explain antimatter. If you don't agree please post why you don't agree and how you think things are. Thanks. PS. Let's look at Newton's Laws: Newton's Law 1 is valid because unless particle is interacted upon it's velocity doesn't change. Newton's Law 3 is valid because when 2 particles interact their outermost units collide (this caused them to change directions), so the units bounce back to both particles which causes and equal force on both interacting particles. If you want to try out "simple" mathematization try out Newton's Law 2: Newton only said that there's mass and acceleration and forces, but he didn't explain them. Suppose here is our particle: n >>>><<<< n Here comes the interacting particle. s >>>>><<<<<<< s+2 It's velocity would change when you added more units on one side. The more mass it had the less its velocity should change (the amount of velocity change is n+1/n, which approaches zero when n (~mass) approaches infinity). So the particle's speed change is the amount of units brought to one side (btw this is the reason a particle's mass increases when its speed increases), and its acceleration is the change of speed per unit time. In other words its acceleration is the frequency at which units are brought to it. Our example situation would end up like this: n >>>><<<<<< n+2 ...... s >>>>><<<<< s+2 If you continue to formulate this you should arrive at ~ Newton's law 2. The force a particle causes is c/wavelenght (=f) * t proportionalized to the mass of the particle which gets interacted on. One thought experiment you could do was to think about what would happen when 2 particles where separated by a distance. Due to the escaping of their outer layers they would start moving towards the center (if we exclude the fact that since this is a isolated system the other outer layer would escape out).

So doesn't anyone have any ideas? Doesn't it at least raise thought in you, how far you can go on explaining with such simple presumptions? If you mathematize this, it predicts a lot of physical laws, which we now explain through more complex terms.

Now that I think about it, this theory is consistent with the field theory. According to this theory an object with mass for example should send out "gravity" field moving at speed of light, since the outermost layers constantly escape out (at the speed of light with which everything moves). Fisrst I was wondering how would this apply to waves, but then I realized it's very applicaple. If colliding layers change their direction, then how could waves pass through each other. But then I realized it's just a simple matter. Waves don't actually pass through each other. They turn directions just as any layers, but it's not noticed since the effect is almost the same. Two similar interfering waves seem to cancel each other out, but instead they don't, it's just that they form a particle at the exact interference site, but it's too small to be noticed. Diffraction and Reflection can also be explained through this, though they require a 2 or 3-dimensional analysis.

It even explains Forces According to these very simple rules, 2 particles with mass should start to "build up" at the center, which is exactly what is observed by experiment, what we call gravity. I'm sure if you'd account for 2 and 3 dimensional cases where these "layers", objects or whatever you call them could move in all given directions, you could explain Electric Force as well. Since depending on how the "layers" moved relative to each other they would start to move closer together or wander away from each other ("electric force" between nonidentical and identical "charges"). All "forces" arise from the simple fact that there are different move balances of "layers". You musn't discriminate between matter, it's all composed of the same.

It's hard to think about this, since according to this theory, there's no mass nor time. Since everything moves at speed c, all events happen simultaneously. The concept of time cannot be applied on 1 layer. Only on a collection of layers with different ratios.

The exact definition of these "layers" (laeyr is just nomenclature) is unknown. All that can be said at this point is that they are the very building blocks of the Universe. They carry a fixed quantity of Energy and move at the speed of light. When 2 layers moving in opposite directions collide, both change the direction of their movement to exactly opposite.

All right, I'm formulating a new idea. See page 2, starting from post 3.

Hmm, wait should the units of Force come into that Equation too? Blah looks like it doesn't work that way, oh well...

Okay so I've been trying to find units for physical formulas which would negate (as many as possible) constants from the equations as possible. (Is this even possible, heck I don't know, I'm just bored.) Like instead of F = G*mM/R^2 it would be F = mM/R^2 That means that the unit for mass and lenght would be defined so that [m]*[m]/[L]^2 = G But I need to find multiple equations in order to solve this. I've done some calculations but with no luck. I'm having trouble finding usable equations. Thus far I've used the above, F = k*qQ/R^2 and E = hf. I've also tried to attack the universal gas constant and the permittability of free space, but I get no sense out of those equations, since in case of the gas constant, its equations tend to cancel each other out, and the magnetic force equation is only usable at infinitesimal distances. So any ideas of an equation that could be used?

Yes! It's right. Thanks Mandrake, I never know where to start with more than 2 equations...

And so as b = h^2/(G*a^3) b = h^2/(G*19thRootOf ((k^9*h^12)/(G^15*M^6))) and c = h^3/(a^5*G^2) c = h^3 / (G^2*19thRootOf ((k^15*h^20)/(G^25*M^10))) and d = (h^2/(G*M*a^2))^(1/3) d = (h^2/(G*M*19thRootOf ((k^6*h^8)/(G^10*M^4))))^(1/3) Messy...I hope I got it right.

Solving Equation 1 after c: (a*b^2)/c = h c = (a*b^2)/h Plugging this in Equation 2: b^3/(a*c^2) = G (b^3*h^2)/(a^3*b^4) = G And plugging it in Equation 3: (a*b^3)/(c^2*d^2) = k h^2/(a*b*d^2) = k Solving Equation 2 after b: b^3/(a*c^2) = G b = (G*a*c^2)^(1/3) Plugging in expression for c: b = (G*a*c^2)^(1/3) b = h^2/(G*a^3) Plugging this in Equation 4, and solving for d: (a*b)/d^3 = M (a*h^2)/(d^3*G*a^2) = M d = (h^2/(G*M*a^2))^(1/3) One additional step for calculating c as expression of a: c = (a*b^2)/h c = h^3/(a^5*G^2) Solving a from Equation 3 for a: (a*b^3)/(c^2*d^2) = k a^(19/3) = k/(G^(5/3)*h^(-5/3)*M^(2/3)) a = 19th Root of (k^3*h^4)/(G^5*M^2)

Thanks for trying to help premjan, but I'm afraid that's incorrect. I checked it... Mandrake Root, I'm not good with maths so what do you mean by unique solution? Does it mean that I could get alternative solutions for each of the unknowns? I'll try and solve it like you said, let's see if I can get it through.

No? a, b, c and d are the unknowns. h, G, k and M are constants.

I'm trying to think over one theory, but I need to solve this equation group and I've come to a full stop. (a*b^2)/c = h b^3/(a*c^2) = G (a*b^3)/(c^2*d^2) = k (a*b)/d^3 = M So trying to solve a, b ,c and d. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!