I don't understand why that has to be considered particle-like. The way I see it, light acts like a pressure against space, and the disturbance is the tension/vibration of this pressure. Just because you have a force against an electron doesn't mean it'll move unless there is a disturbance to the space allowing it to become displaced. If the frequency isn't high enough then it won't escape regardless of the pressure.
In the same fashion, if I press my foot down on some sand, the harder I push down doesn't determine how far my foot sinks into the sand. I have to shift my foot around to displace the sand to get my foot further down. Note that the foot isn't being thrown into the sand, because like a wave, only the distortion gets propagated.
If you look at light functioning this way, then it doesn't make sense to explain photoelectric effect with particles.