Klaynos

You need to be careful with sensor placement. But yes.

Different types of white LEDs have different spectra. If you have a given type of led you could measure at a single frequency which is low intensity (last time I looked most white LEDs are quite spikey in their spectrum) and wait for it to increase. This won't be universal though. A better option is a photodiode in a shielded case you place against the window. You can then measure the light entering from outside. UV is unlikely to work as glass tends to be a good UV absorber.

What's your budget, what kind of spectrum are you after? It's been a few years but I'm not sure this is trivial. These sources are also potentially hazardous as the photons are quite high in energy.

If you want to be a working physicist I would strongly to encourage you to learn a couple of programming languages. Whilst it might not be required to do the physics it is required in most physics related jobs. Even data analysis is so much faster if you can't do it with something like R a candidate that can will beat you during the application process every time. Given your apparent interests I would again suggest looking at biophysics, the physics of biological processes. In my old department they did a lot of it. Everything from the physical interactions of cancer cells for new, quick, low cost tests to the mechanics of horse tendons (they had horse legs in fridges they'd get out to show visitors, it was odd). My general statement is that to be a great engineering you need to be an acceptable scientist and to be a great scientist you need to be an acceptable engineer.

Things always taste better picked and eaten a few minutes apart. I suspect it's at least a bit in my head but I'm ok with that.

I've grown peas, runner beans and tomatoes the last few years. Slowly building up compost in new raised beds. With mint and rosemary in planters. This year the mint has come inside (hopeing for near year around growing) and had some other herbs planted inside too. And I've got some raspberry and blackberry canes. I don't expect to crop much from them and will do the beans, peas and tomatoes untill the berries take over the beds. In the future there might be another raised bed for the vegetables again but I need to think about that a bit more and maybe hack at some bushes for another couple of years.

Your use case is currently catered for by general aviation. Why are there not more private pilots and aircraft? I'll give you a clue look at the rules governing aircraft manufacturing and maintenance. Aviation is slow moving (in terms of technology) and risk adverse that's why it's so safe. You cannot apply the same set up to general personal transport. What is more likely is autonomous taxis that can fly. But then if you've got automation then the advantages of flying reduce (e.g. traffic isn't such an issue) and why bother having to follow lots of even more strict rules? It's also worth pointing out that around the major world cities and airports the air space is already congested without the introduction of untrained everybodies. Indeed, and people have built convertible vehicles. They never work well and are yet to get any significant sales.

Model rockets tend to use solid state fuel (or water but that would be difficult to make it accurately looks like a shuttle). I'd suggest trying to find a local rocketeers club to join.

Even within a single team in a single research establishment (of whatever type) of people at the same notional level it can vary greatly. My time is on average about 20% research 80% other stuff. But that's due to the nature of my current projects. Others who are the same job title as me are 95% research 5% other. I used to be that way around and might get back to it one day.

I have a PhD in physics. Some of which involved micro Kelvin liquids in pipes... If you don't have anything below the freezing point you won't get frost. You might get condensation (dew!). Your pipe is well below the dew point so it'll depend on the specific set up.

Why would you get frost build up if there is nothing below freezing?

Well the dew point is 23 Deg C (assuming you're at the surface). So if the copper pipe is below 0 it'll depend on all the other parameters rather than the humidity.

You want a meteorologist, physicist or environmental physicist. They will tell you about dew points and frost points. It'll also depend on things like surface roughness and airflow as studiot says. I try and do this for glass (the prediction not the measurements) to know if my car will need deicing. I measure 4 different temperatures in my garden as well as the humidity. With some human interpretation I can now have about 99% success rate on whether I need to deice the cars or not. But I know my situation very well. You could feasibly add a wind speed and direction measurement (possibly even the area forecast might be enough) and then machine learning would probably work for me.

This is a great reaction to being told why your idea is flawed. Well done on thinking about the problem, coming up with an idea, getting others input into it and understanding and accepting why it won't work. That's a critical part of being a good critical thinker.

And what is the dew point in terms of what it means?

What have you done to try and answer this?

OP does not mention dark matter... We do know some small things about dark matter so some speculations can be discarded.

I'd suggest almost any published experiment from more than 20 years ago, many from less time than that. Someone once said something about the shoulders of giants. That's not changed much in the 300 years since.

I think what you might be after is the earth's energy budget? http://m.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/page6.php I'm not sure I've ever seen a single number for the average temp of the atmosphere (where the atmosphere ends is not a trivial question).

No, this doesn't agree with what we observe about antimatter or Gravity. For this to be seriously considered you'd need a mathematical model.

Have you investigated biophysics?

Because it's still a direction. Dimensionless in the context of dimensional analysis. Not dimensionless in the context of x,y,z,t. The time difference is due to a path difference. I'm a long way from a gr expert and it's been more than 10 years since I've done any but iirc you need to be careful with c only being constant locally. I'm sure others will correct me on this. But the introduction of GR concepts into an SR dimensional analysis thread might be muddying the waters a bit (unintentionally I'm sure).

The length of the light velocity arrow is constant. That length is called speed. Whilst the direction of the arrow varries. A vector can either be a set of components or a magnitude and direction. For velocity the direction is dimensionless and the magnitude is speed.

Sure it makes sense. Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Velocity is a vector it gives you the movement in two (or more) directions, x and y. You can imagine this as an arrow. Each vector of that arrow will be the velocity component. The total length of that arrow is the speed, the magnitude of the velocity. If the arrow is along one axis, say the x axis then the speed and velocity values will be identical.

Ah I see what you're asking. How the charge flows the way it flows? Other than in a straight line just as a flow of charge which you might expect from a breakdown? And why the breakdown occurs when it occurs? Then we don't really know. The atmosphere is a complicated system that is pretty difficult to do subtle experiments on. There are loads of quite small scale effects that just go completely unmeasured at the moment. With much cheaper easier to deploy in situe measurements that will hopefully become available in the next 5 years this will change. I'm sure the talk I was at last week showed upspike first in about 80% of cases. Sleep time now. I'll try and find a reference tomorrow. But it's not my area so I may have misremembered.