EdEarl

On the other hand, if you insist on having beliefs, enter a seminary.

Work done by the surroundings includes the energy used to run the compressor, does it not?

Hmm, interesting question. I should have thought of it. LOL It isn't air in the Universe that is affected, only air around the earth. There is such a large volume that any change would be insignificant, but my guess is that there must be a tiny, tiny reduction in pressure, volume and number of molecules. It would be close to free expansion and near constant energy.

We do travel into future time--can't help doing that.

Salt water is an electrolyte, it should work with copper and zinc for the anode and cathode of the battery. Copper for wiring is difficult, because it needs to be very pure. First you must smelt the copper and then use electrolysis to purify it. Then, you can make wire. The light bulb is difficult because you need a really good vacuum, glass, and a filament. Modern incandescent bulbs have tungsten filaments, but tungsten has a very high melting temperature. IDK if coal or coke would be hot enough to melt tungsten, and IDK what process is used to smelt and purify it. Edison used carbon for his first light bulb, but they do not last as long as tungsten. A mercury vapor lamp is easier to make than an incandescent lamp, and more efficient. Mercury is poisonous, however.

Twice the speed of light is impossible.

Forgive me for getting you off topic. According to Hawking backward time travel is not possible. And, according to relativity we travel into the future at different rates.

I like Sci-Fi, too. Some of the best stories involve time travel.

Sorry, but I don't accept you know more than Hawking.

Stephen Hawking thinks time travel backward is impossible.

Already at least one company working on it. http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/05/29/space_telescope_asteroid_mining_company_crowdfunds_an_orbiting_observatory.html IDK if it is economically viable a this time, but will be some day.

IDK about books, but this site has on-line lessons: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry Check Wikipedia, too.

I was born into a fundamentalist Baptist family, but was abused and became agnostic, ignostic or a bit athestic, but have suffered because my family believes I am an agent of Satin, but I practice Buddhist philosophy to be kind. Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama believes in the scientific method, see quotes in my sig. below. I do not think he suffers from being both religious and scientific. IMO, each person is different in this regard.

Heat flows from a high temperature source to the lower temperature environment, as the smoke disperses in space=>increasing entropy.

I am confused by your post. Thermodynamics tells us there is no "Free Energy". What do you mean by free energy? Moreover, exothermic reactions using of coal or methane made from coal increase CO2 in the atmosphere and increase global warming. Why would you want to do that? I am not a chemist and cannot help you. I am merely curious and like to learn.

It is hard to beat the Wikipedia definition. I think of the following example to help me understand increasing entropy: Imagine floating in space with a balloon full of smoke, you pop the balloon, and watch what happens to the smoke. It spreads out in all directions, thinner and thinner and thinner.

It is usually called quantum mechanics, and it is about extremely small things, atoms and subatomic particles. The nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons, which in turn are made of quarks. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6HWbs11zdU

What formula were you given in class? What are the limits for rotating? I recommend you look at these lessons, which are very good and not very long. https://www.khanacademy.org/math/calculus/solid_revolution_topic

Your long post challenged my dyslexic brain, but I think you want to know about how life came about. The answer is, nobody knows. Thus, I will not speculate about your speculations.

The only interactions between mass and DM is gravity, AFAIK. DE is AFAIK something else. My speculation is a bit shy of a hypothesis, not even close to a theory. I am a retired programmer, who has studied a bit of physics, astronomy, chemistry, etc. I am a science geek, and admire scientists, but do not claim to be one. This forum is a good place to learn because some really smart and well informed people hang out here. I appreciate your compliment, and try to help others whenever possible. Welcome to the SFN class of '13. It is a lucky number.

Sorry for doing as you asked.

It might help you to graph these functions, then think about rotating the curve (around what) to form a solid.

The original IQ tests were designed to test how well students would perform in school. According to Wikipedia, As I understand your post, one possible reason for IQ scores being higher today may be current IQ tests are biased because they are different than previous IQ tests, and another possible reason for IQ scores being higher today is that people know more. ========= Perhaps the reason is partly due to both of your suggestions, and more. For example, when IQ tests were developed in France in the 19th century, conditions such as ADHD, autism, and dyslexia were either unknown or not widely known and IQ tests were not specific for people with those conditions. Thus, IQ scores would be skewed lower because such people do poorly on written tests. Today IQ tests are designed and specially administered to people with special needs, generally increasing IQ scores. For example, the brain is very plastic and improves its ability to learn when it receives intense training. The availability of educational materials as books, periodicals, and the internet give people more opportunity to train their brain to learn compared to the 19th century. Thus, IQ tests may have increased because of increased brain exercise today compared to the 19th century. Finally, diet and health affect our ability to learn, and today people live longer because of better diet and/or health care. Thus, IQ tests may be higher because of better diet and health compared to the 19th century.

Neither, it shows my frustration that you ignore really good advice from very smart and educated people, and frustration that your view of how things work is vastly different from science that has been developed by great minds dating back at least to the time of Plato. That you think you know more about electricity than the folks at NASA who put the Curiosity rover on Mars is incredible.