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Its not a bad idea, but wouldn't you then have to then instate taxes on all non-profits?

i'd be surprised if it takes 10 years to become widespread. Anyone can already use 3d printing through online companies.

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Last semester, I opted out of a class on C and assembly to take a higher level machine learning course. I'm still not sure it was the right decision. But day to day, getting closer to machine code is not necessarily useful anymore

$1billion USD. Final offer

Leave it to the Cap'n to spoil all the fun

done

I'll sell my stake to the highest bidder

its not hard to find a seemingly significant line which connects two random points

Wrong actually, its a limited liability corporation of hypergeometric shade of the colour blues.

That's definitely subjective. I would tend to agree that software written for linux machines is more unstable that windows commercial software, but you can't tell me that user account controls (for example) in windows vista & 7 is more user friendly than user accounts in linux systems (I'm thinking particularly of ubuntu here).

There's lots of problems with this thread. I'm a pro-free market guy myself, but you make lots of claims without any evidence. Granted, its hard [impossible?] to find examples of totally free markets, so claims about the superiority of free markets are hard to verify. But its probably a moot point anyway. Political control over the economy will pretty much happen as long as there are a few people with the desire and means to establish such power.

Isn't this the best way to do it, though? Let people define what it means to be an adult on the local/community/ even state level. Because the definition is somewhat arbitrary, so the decision should be based on community values. Most states have large enough populations that extreme values tend to average out and you get something that most reasonable people can live with. I don't mind some hypocrisy: maybe we should take away a 6 year old's right to marry and have sex, allow gays to get married and be ok with being slightly hypocritical and arbitrary. After all, gays are ASKING for the right to marry in the eyes of the law. 6 year olds aren't.

two words: machine learning

Enhancing the activity of AKT - a protein that plays a key role in cellular processes - in specific kinds of cells (a cancer/myleloma cell line) in a culture/test tube setting makes these cells more sensitive to rapamycin inhibitor - an antitumor chemical with well studied protein targets. What role does this protein AKT play in transducing the effects of this antitumor drug? To study this, the authors introduced a gene that encodes active AKT into cells, so that the cell over-expresses this gene. As a control, they also introduced DNA without this AKT to make sure the effects they see in the study are due to the AKT protein alone. How do the authors measure the effect of AKT protein? By measuring cytostasis - the inhibition of cell growth. Since tumors divide rapidly, one way of stopping tumors is to suppress cell growth. Introducing extra and active AKT into the cell makes a cell less likely to divide uncontrollably when rapamycin or similar drugs are introduced. However, without active AKT, cells are not as likely to inhibit cell growth, even with rapamycin present. This indicates that AKT has an important role for rapamycin's antitumor effects. D-cyclin is a protein that controls cell cycle progression. When cells move faster through the cell cycle, it means they're dividing more rapidly (and look more like a tumor cell). Similar to the above result, when active AKT is introduced into a cell, rapamycin inhibitors can better down-regular (turn off) the D-cyclin gene, thereby slowing down cell cycle progression. How does it do this? AKT turns off protein translation (making protein from a messenger RNA) of D-cyclin gene transcripts. There are many kinds of mutations than can result in cancer. PTEN is a known regulator of the AKT pathway and the results are similar as above using a different type of cell. ERK/p38 are proteins involved in signaling cascades... they take signals received on the outside of the cell and transduce them down to the level of gene control. Basically, they respond to external signals (through lots of intermediate steps) by controlling ribosome binding to messenger RNA of specific gene transcripts. The authors hypothesize that ERK/p38 could be involved in mediating expression of downstream genes in manner dependent on active AKT being expressed in the cell. When active AKT is introduced into a cell, ERK/p38 activity is decreased. Direct inhibition of ERK/p38 without adding AKT, therefore, might have a similar effect of introducing AKT... however this only held true for a ERK inhibitor. ERK inhibitor plus adding rapamycin resulting in decreased D-cyclin and stoppage of cell cycle progression. This suggests that ERK is a necessary component of the action of rapamycin. MEK is a protein that activates ERK protein, so you'd expect inceasing MEK expression would increase ERK activity. However, increasing MEK activity -> ERK activity did not increase translation of D-cyclin (which would stop cell cycle progression) when AKT was introduced into the cell. We saw earlier that D-cyclin translation in 'high AKT' cells required the signalling transduction pathway involving ERK, but clearly there are other factors at play. In conclusion, hight AKT downregulates D-cyclin translation in cancer cell model, in a manner dependent on ERK plus some unknown molecular players.

calories is just a measurement of energy so converting from joules to calories is trivial. Estimating calories burned is a messy business, particularly because so much of it depends on the individuals basal metabolic rate. We burn most of our calories just by keeping our bodies at 37 degrees. However you can simply calculate the amount of potential energy due to gravity it takes to lift the mass of sand up the distance. The equation is U = mgh; where m = mass in kilograms carried, g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2) and h is height in meters.

along those lines: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7164/abs/nature06198.html This is part of the story. The gut microbiota help tighten gap junctions in the intestinal epithelium, activate innate and adaptive immune responses - which seems to play a role in preventing everything from autoimmune disease, promote proper tissue development, and prevent the growth of pathogen. This is an emerging field of research and the possibilities seem almost endless. The intestinal microbiota also happens to be the subject of my PhD research ;-) Well kombucha is a source of live bacterial and fungal cultures. Probiotics could help in the digestive process, maintain a healthy balance of gut microbes, and a range of other health benefits. However, most of the research on probiotics isn't completely refined, particular in human medical studies. Just Fyi, E. coli/ Shigella is actually a tiny fraction of the gut microbiota. Most species in the gut are from the firmicutes and bacteroidetes phyla. We get ~10% of our calories thanks to microbes breaking down indigestible materials. But these aren't the only things that microbes in the gut metabolize. They also contain enzyme to metabolize hormones and xenobiotic compounds targeted for excretion, bile acids, short chain fatty acids.. the list goes on. This isn't, strictly speaking, true. Species diversity seems to be protective against pathogenic organisms, but, like having an allelic marker associated with a disease, its only a risk factor not predetermination. Drinking contaminated water could still end up in cholera. And interestingly, there's some evidence that pertubations such as pathogenic microbes and antibiotics can permanently alter the indigenous microbiota. Not necessarily. Certain species are highly evolved to live in the mammalian gut and have only been found there and are otherwise difficult to culture in the lab. There actually can be costs: consider that gut microbes contain enzymes that can metabolize processed xenobiotics - such as drug and pharmaceutical agents. When these drugs are metabolized, they can have toxic effects in the intestines, sometimes even when the primary target of the drug is without side effects - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/16625200?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn There is a similar story with other metabolites - sometimes waste is toxic and even though the waste is processed by the liver to remove that toxicity, microbial action can have the opposite effect. In terms of energy harvesting, mammals are actually pretty inefficient. Most of our calories go to heating our bodies, which require much higher than env't temperatures to be sustained. And even then, our feces contain a large amount of combustible material.

1) because he didn't do any of the work himself, but got someone on an internet forum to give him the answer

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they're using a drum machine/ synthesizer. It doesn't necessarily have to be an actual instrument.

I'm honestly more concerned about what happens when the growth rate slows down. Either way, the only long term solution I see if to get off planet or upload.

I recommend the Feynman's lectures on computation for CS enthusiasts.

I predict we'll move off the planet before this becomes a world-wide problem.

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the problem I see with that method is that it requires you make 5000 separate cultures... which seems to be the thing you want to avoid.