Interesting conclusions, Enviro. Someone on the other forum concluded that the vastly different surface temperatures on the planet would create heavy wind storms in between, but as I don't have any sort of environmental background I have no idea which of you is closer to correct!
I will say, though, that taking a lot of what was said on the other forum into consideration, I completely reworked my initial idea. Like so:
Let's say this unmoving planet exists far outside the habitable zone of any star. However, it is orbited by a moon that gives off heat and light (comparable to what we feel and see of our own sun). For simplicity's sake, the moon orbits the planet at a similar rate to that of Earth's spin (i.e. it completes one circuit around the planet every 24 hours). However, it orbits around both the equator and the prime meridian -- first one, then the other. Also, the oceans were once filled with water, but something caused that to no longer be the case...if that makes any difference.
Any conclusions that could be drawn from that would be greatly appreciated. You bring up points that I hadn't considered nor even realized should be considered. It's very helpful!