There are some who consider language a scientific subject.
Certainly it can be very technical.
You might enjoy "The Cambridge Encylopedia of Language."
I believe you can get a pdf download for your E reader.
Tenses:
Some languages (Latin, German, ...) use changes to the endings of nouns to indicate different purposes.
English does not do this very much.
Most languages (German, French, Latin, Russian .. ) offer a much smaller set of changes to verbs than does English.