Scienc Posted July 17, 2020 Share Posted July 17, 2020 A variation of enthalpy at constant pressure is numerically equal to the variation of heat in a chemical reaction, but what is enthalpy in itself? what is its difference for internal energy, is it calculated as H = U + PV, or does that mean physically? Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
sethoflagos Posted July 17, 2020 Share Posted July 17, 2020 (edited) Internal energy is primarily associated with fixed volume, closed processes where dU = CvdT holds. Enthalpy is associated with open, fixed pressure processes where dH = CpdT holds. In open processes the product stream is running into space already occupied by something else and that something else needs to be moved somewhere. The additional work required is contained in the PV term in your H = U + PV formula. Hence either in chemistry lab experiments or industrial processes, we generally work with enthalpy changes rather than changes in internal energy. We could use U throughout, but then we'd have to keep track of all the extraneous PV terms and it's easy to miss the odd one or two. There are many 'wrinkles' to the above but I believe you're more interested in the broad overview, and at that level the above works fine for me. Further elaboration can be found in the appropriate textbooks. Edited July 17, 2020 by sethoflagos sp 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
joigus Posted July 17, 2020 Share Posted July 17, 2020 Another way of saying it: Enthalpy is a function of state that allows you to express heat balances. Heat is not a function of state, but you can relate it to a function of state. Some kind of "heat potential". Isn't that nice? You must keep pressure constant if you want it to do its job as "heat potential". Does that help? 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Scienc Posted July 17, 2020 Author Share Posted July 17, 2020 14 minutes ago, joigus said: Outra maneira de dizer: a entalpia é uma função do estado que permite expressar os balanços de calor. O calor não é uma função do estado, mas você pode relacioná-lo com uma função do estado. Algum tipo de "potencial de calor". Isso não é legal? Você deve manter a pressão constante se quiser que ela faça seu trabalho como "potencial de calor". Isso ajuda? Thank you. 4 hours ago, sethoflagos said: A energia interna está principalmente associada ao volume fixo, processos fechados onde dU = CvdT se mantém. A entalpia está associada a processos abertos e de pressão fixa, nos quais dH = CpdT se mantém. Em processos abertos, o fluxo de produtos está sendo executado no espaço já ocupado por outra coisa e essa outra coisa precisa ser movida para outro lugar. O trabalho adicional necessário está contido no termo PV em sua fórmula H = U + PV. Portanto, em experimentos de laboratório de química ou processos industriais, geralmente trabalhamos com alterações de entalpia, em vez de alterações na energia interna. Poderíamos usar o U o tempo todo, mas teríamos que acompanhar todos os termos de PV externos e é fácil perder o um ou dois ímpares. Existem muitas "rugas" no exposto, mas acredito que você esteja mais interessado na ampla visão geral e, nesse nível, o exposto acima funciona bem para mim. Mais elaboração pode ser encontrada nos livros apropriados. Thank you. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Recommended Posts
Create an account or sign in to comment
You need to be a member in order to leave a comment
Create an account
Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!
Register a new accountSign in
Already have an account? Sign in here.
Sign In Now