beecee Posted April 21, 2022 Posted April 21, 2022 https://phys.org/news/2022-04-space-blocs-future-international-cooperation.html Space Blocs: The future of international cooperation in space is splitting along lines of power on Earth: Even during times of conflict on the ground, space has historically been an arena of collaboration among nations. But trends in the past decade suggest that the nature of cooperation in space is shifting, and fallout from Russia's invasion of Ukraine has highlighted these changes. 'm an international relations scholar who studies power distributions in space—who the main players are, what capabilities they possess and whom they decide to cooperate with. Some scholars predict a future in which single states pursue various levels of dominance, while others foresee a scenario in which commercial entities bring nations together. more at link>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-accords/index.html Principles for a Safe, Peaceful, and Prosperous Future Through Artemis, NASA aims to land the first woman and first person of color on the Moon, heralding a new era for space exploration and utilization. While NASA is leading the Artemis missions, international partnerships will play a key role in achieving a sustainable and robust presence on the Moon while preparing to conduct a historic human mission to Mars. With numerous countries and private sector players conducting missions and operations in cislunar space, it’s critical to establish a common set of principles to govern the civil exploration and use of outer space. The Artemis Accords will describe a shared vision for principles, grounded in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, to create a safe and transparent environment which facilitates exploration, science, and commercial activities for all of humanity to enjoy. More than a dozen countries have signed the Artemis Accords. https://www.nasa.gov/gateway/overview The Gateway will be an outpost orbiting the Moon that provides vital support for a long-term human return to the lunar surface, as well as a staging point for deep space exploration. It is a critical component of NASA’s Artemis program. The Gateway is a vital part of NASA’s deep space exploration plans, along with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, Orion spacecraft, and human landing system that will send astronauts to the Moon. Gaining new experiences on and around the Moon will prepare NASA to send the first humans to Mars in the coming years, and the Gateway will play a vital role in this process. It is a destination for astronaut expeditions and science investigations, as well as a port for deep space transportation such as landers en route to the lunar surface or spacecraft embarking to destinations beyond the Moon. NASA has focused Gateway development on the initial critical elements required to support the landing – the Power and Propulsion Element, the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO) and logistics capabilities. more.......................... https://www.space.com/russia-china-moon-research-station-agreement Russia and China just agreed to build a research station on the moon together: China and Russia plan to build a lunar research station together. Leaders of the China National Space Administration (CNSA) and Roscosmos, Russia's federal space agency, signed a memorandum of understanding Tuesday (March 9) on the construction of a moon outpost called the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS). more at link..............
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