The Birth Mechanism of the Universe from Nothing and New Inflation Mechanism!

[icarus2]

3.2.3.1. Why quantum fluctuations do not return to "nothing" and form the universe

The existing model of the birth of the universe from nothing claims that the universe can be born from quantum fluctuations. However, the quantum fluctuations we know should return to "nothing" after a time of Δt. The existing model of the birth of the universe from nothing do not provide a reason or mechanism for the universe to be formed without quantum fluctuations returning to "nothing".

Therefore, in the case where the universe is born from quantum fluctuations, a mechanism is needed that allows the quantum fluctuations to exist and not return to "nothing".

 

Mechanism-1. If the total energy of the system, including the gravitational potential energy, is 0 or very close to 0.

Quote

 

If, Δt=t_p, ΔE=(5/6)m_pc^2,

The total energy of the system is 0.

In other words, a mechanism that generates enormous mass (or energy) while maintaining a Zero Energy State is possible. 

 

If ΔE_T --> 0, Δt --> ∞

Δt where quantum fluctuations exist can be very large. In other words, Δt can be larger than the current age of the universe, and these quantum fluctuations can exist longer than the age of the universe.

Since the second mechanism changes the state of quantum fluctuations, it is thought that Δt does not necessarily have to be greater than the age of the universe.

 

If we express the gravitational potential energy in the form including ΔE,

If R = cΔt/2

ΔE_min means the minimum energy fluctuation that satisfies the equation ΔE≥hbar/2Δt.

If Δt=t_P,

U_gp ≥ -(3/5)ΔE_min

Therefore, in this case, we must consider gravitational potential energy or gravitational self-energy. Therefore,

If ΔE_T --> 0, Δt --> ∞ .

 

Now, let's look at the approximate Δt that can be measured with current technology in the laboratory.

 

We can see that gravitational potential energy term is very small compared to ΔE and can be ignored.

In the case of a spherical uniform distribution, the total energy of the system, including the gravitational potential energy, is

 

Therefore, we can see that the negative gravitational potential energy is very small in the Δt (much longer than the Planck time) that we observe in the laboratory, so the total energy of the system is sufficient only by ΔE excluding the gravitational potential energy, and the lifetime of the virtual particle is only a short time given by the uncertainty principle.

If Δt>>t_P, Δt≥hbar/2ΔE_T ~ hbar/2ΔE

Since E_T has some finite value other than 0, Δt cannot be an infinite value, but a finite value limited by ΔE_T.

However, in the early universe, a relatively large Δt is possible because ΔE_T goes to zero, and as time passes and the range of gravitational interaction expands, if the surrounding quantum fluctuations participate in the gravitational interaction, an accelerated expansion occurs.

 

Mechanism-2. Accelerated expansion due to negative energy or negative mass state

In short,

According to the uncertainty principle, it is possible to change (or create) more than (1/2)m_pc^2 energy during the Planck time,

If an energy change above (5/6)m_pc^2 that is slightly larger than the minimum value occurs, the total energy of the mass-energy distribution reaches negative energy, i.e., the negative mass state, within the time Δt where quantum fluctuations can exist.

However, since there is a repulsive gravitational effect between negative masses, the corresponding mass distribution expands instead of contracting. Thus, the quantum fluctuations generated by the uncertainty principle cannot return to nothing, but can expand and create the present universe.

 

* Motion of positive mass due to negative gravitational potential energy,

The force exerted by a negative (equivalent) mass on a positive mass is a repulsive (anti-gravity) force, so the positive mass accelerates and expands. 

The gravitational force acting between negative masses is attractive(m>0, F=  - G(-m)(-m)/r^2 =  - Gmm)/r^2), but since the inertial mass is negative in the case of negative mass, the gravitational effect is repulsive(m>0, F= (-m)a, a =  - F/m ). So the distribution of negative energy or the distribution of negative equivalent mass is inflated.

In a state of uniform energy distribution, when time passes, the radius of gravitational interaction increases. In this case, the mass energy increases in proportion to M, but the size of the gravitational potential energy increases in proportion to M^2/R. Therefore, since the negative gravitational potential energy increases faster than the positive mass energy, the phenomenon of accelerated expansion can occur.

By combining mechanisms 1 and 2, we can simultaneously explain the existence of a universe born from quantum fluctuations without returning to "nothing", and the problem of inflation in the early universe.

 

Edited 19 hours ago by icarus2

[swansont]

5 hours ago, icarus2 said:

The existing model of the birth of the universe from nothing claims that the universe can be born from quantum fluctuations. However, the quantum fluctuations we know should return to "nothing" after a time of Δt

Why? What requires that it be “nothing”?

5 hours ago, icarus2 said:

If R = cΔt/2

How was this chosen? What if R were much larger?

[icarus2]

11 hours ago, icarus2 said:

3.2.3.1. Why quantum fluctuations do not return to "nothing" and form the universe

The existing model of the birth of the universe from nothing claims that the universe can be born from quantum fluctuations. However, the quantum fluctuations we know should return to "nothing" after a time of Δt. The existing model of the birth of the universe from nothing do not provide a reason or mechanism for the universe to be formed without quantum fluctuations returning to "nothing".

Therefore, in the case where the universe is born from quantum fluctuations, a mechanism is needed that allows the quantum fluctuations to exist and not return to "nothing".

 

Mechanism-1. If the total energy of the system, including the gravitational potential energy, is 0 or very close to 0.

If ΔE_T --> 0, Δt --> ∞

Δt where quantum fluctuations exist can be very large. In other words, Δt can be larger than the current age of the universe, and these quantum fluctuations can exist longer than the age of the universe.

Since the second mechanism changes the state of quantum fluctuations, it is thought that Δt does not necessarily have to be greater than the age of the universe.

 

If we express the gravitational potential energy in the form including ΔE,

If R = cΔt/2

ΔE_min means the minimum energy fluctuation that satisfies the equation ΔE≥hbar/2Δt.

If Δt=t_P,

U_gp ≥ -(3/5)ΔE_min

Therefore, in this case, we must consider gravitational potential energy or gravitational self-energy. Therefore,

If ΔE_T --> 0, Δt --> ∞ .

 

Now, let's look at the approximate Δt that can be measured with current technology in the laboratory.

 

We can see that gravitational potential energy term is very small compared to ΔE and can be ignored.

In the case of a spherical uniform distribution, the total energy of the system, including the gravitational potential energy, is

 

 

 

*I think there was a calculation error, so I just corrected the calculation. The core argument is the same.

3.2.3.1. Why quantum fluctuations do not return to "nothing" and form the universe

The existing model of the birth of the universe from nothing claims that the universe can be born from quantum fluctuations. However, the quantum fluctuations we know should return to "nothing" after a time of Δt. The existing model of the birth of the universe from nothing do not provide a reason or mechanism for the universe to be formed without quantum fluctuations returning to "nothing".

Therefore, in the case where the universe is born from quantum fluctuations, a mechanism is needed that allows the quantum fluctuations to exist and not return to "nothing".

 

Mechanism-1. If the total energy of the system, including the gravitational potential energy, is 0 or very close to 0.

If ΔE_T --> 0, Δt --> ∞

Δt where quantum fluctuations exist can be very large. In other words, Δt can be larger than the current age of the universe, and these quantum fluctuations can exist longer than the age of the universe.

Since the second mechanism changes the state of quantum fluctuations, it is thought that Δt does not necessarily have to be greater than the age of the universe.

 

If we express the gravitational potential energy in the form including ΔE,

If R = cΔt/2

Therefore, in this case, we must consider gravitational potential energy or gravitational self-energy. Therefore,

If ΔE_T --> 0, Δt --> ∞ .

Now, let's look at the approximate Δt that can be measured with current technology in the laboratory.

We can see that gravitational potential energy term is very small compared to ΔE and can be ignored.

In the case of a spherical uniform distribution, the total energy of the system, including the gravitational potential energy, is

Therefore, we can see that the negative gravitational potential energy is very small in the Δt (much longer than the Planck time) that we observe in the laboratory, so the total energy of the system is sufficient only by ΔE excluding the gravitational potential energy, and the lifetime of the virtual particle is only a short time given by the uncertainty principle.

If Δt>>t_P, Δt≥hbar/2ΔE_T ~ hbar/2ΔE

Since E_T has some finite value other than 0, Δt cannot be an infinite value, but a finite value limited by ΔE_T.

However, in the early universe, a relatively large Δt is possible because ΔE_T goes to zero, and as time passes and the range of gravitational interaction expands, if the surrounding quantum fluctuations participate in the gravitational interaction, an accelerated expansion occurs.

 

Mechanism-2. Accelerated expansion due to negative energy or negative mass state

In short,

According to the uncertainty principle, it is possible to change (or create) more than (1/2)m_pc^2 energy during the Planck time,

If an energy change above (5/6)m_pc^2 that is slightly larger than the minimum value occurs, the total energy of the mass-energy distribution reaches negative energy, i.e., the negative mass state, within the time Δt where quantum fluctuations can exist.

However, since there is a repulsive gravitational effect between negative masses, the corresponding mass distribution expands instead of contracting. Thus, the quantum fluctuations generated by the uncertainty principle cannot return to nothing, but can expand and create the present universe.

 

* Motion of positive mass due to negative gravitational potential energy,

The force exerted by a negative (equivalent) mass on a positive mass is a repulsive (anti-gravity) force, so the positive mass accelerates and expands. 

The gravitational force acting between negative masses is attractive(m>0, F=  - G(-m)(-m)/r^2 =  - Gmm)/r^2), but since the inertial mass is negative in the case of negative mass, the gravitational effect is repulsive(m>0, F= (-m)a, a =  - F/m ). So the distribution of negative energy or the distribution of negative equivalent mass is inflated.

In a state of uniform energy distribution, when time passes, the radius of gravitational interaction increases. In this case, the mass energy increases in proportion to M, but the size of the gravitational potential energy increases in proportion to M^2/R. Therefore, since the negative gravitational potential energy increases faster than the positive mass energy, the phenomenon of accelerated expansion can occur.

By combining mechanisms 1 and 2, we can simultaneously explain the existence of a universe born from quantum fluctuations without returning to "nothing", and the problem of inflation in the early universe.

===============

 

5 hours ago, swansont said:

Why? What requires that it be “nothing”?

How was this chosen? What if R were much larger?

I will write the answer to this question after I do what I have to do first. Within 1 day~