Addressing the theistic argument of statistical impossibility of life:

[DavidWahl]

You may have heard the argument that theists often make about the necessity of an intelligent designer for the existence of life. The argument goes as:

"It's impossible for something too complex like life to have occurred at random without an intelligent designer."

Arguments like this or variations of the same that often leave us feeling unsatisfied or inept to provide concrete answers with proper reasoning.

Below I have devised or attempted to make a sequence of logical arguments based on pre-established knowledge and successful theories in science to tackle this common theistic argument of the impossibility or pure coincidence of life and that its existence does not necessitate supernatural explanations but rather arises from natural processes under specific conditions.

My set of arguments is as follow:

1) Life, despite its complexity, can be understood as a mechanism that is completely possible and operates entirely within the known laws of physics. 

2) Following the Big Bang, the Universe underwent a period of extreme instability, characterized by high levels of radiation and chaotic conditions. Over billions of years, however, the Universe now has approached a state of equilibrium. This shift has created regions with conditions conducive to the emergence and sustenance of life, such as lower radiation levels and the presence of essential chemical elements.

3) Given the vast number (billions) of galaxies, stars, and planetary systems within the observable Universe, it is reasonable to hypothesize that a subset of planets possesses resources and conditions favorable for the development and sustenance of life. 

4) Among the multitude of planets, one of them, that we are very familiar with, happens to meet all of those precise requirements and luckily underwent through very specific circumstances through which life came into existence. Earth's history demonstrates a series of highly specific and contingent events that facilitated the origin of life. 

5) A pertinent question arises: is it merely coincidental that the most suitable environment for life to emerge and thrive happens to be the same environment we inhabit? This coincidence, though seemingly extraordinary, is a reflection of the conditions under which observers, such as ourselves, can arise to question it.

6) While the probability of life emerging under such specific circumstances may be exceedingly low, it does not imply impossibility. Our very existence serves as empirical evidence that such an event, however improbable, has occurred. Thus, the realization of this "low-probability event" is not a contradiction but an affirmation of the principle that possibility, however rare, can manifest given sufficient opportunities.

7) Once life emerged, its ability to undergo Darwinian evolution became a fundamental mechanism driving its complexity. Through natural selection, genetic variation, and adaptation, living organisms gradually evolved to exploit diverse environments and develop increasingly intricate structures and behaviors. This process of evolution not only explains the diversity of life on Earth but also underscores why life has transitioned from simple molecular beginnings to the complex ecosystems and intelligent beings observed today.

This is the best that I could do as of currently and I have convinced myself that it's enough to convince others too. However I believe it does need slight improvements. 

[KJW]

3 hours ago, DavidWahl said:

...

Earth's history demonstrates a series of highly specific and contingent events that facilitated the origin of life. 

...

Our very existence serves as empirical evidence that such an event, however improbable, has occurred.

...

With these two statements, you are begging the question.

 

Edited 16 hours ago by KJW

[Peterkin]

4 hours ago, DavidWahl said:

This is the best that I could do as of currently and I have convinced myself that it's enough to convince others too. However I believe it does need slight improvements. 

Whatever for ? The statistical improbability argument has been a non-starter since the day we became aware of the existence of other planets. Plus, of course, you can always shove it up one decimal point and argue the statistical improbability of god/s.  

Edited 15 hours ago by Peterkin

[exchemist]

4 hours ago, DavidWahl said:

You may have heard the argument that theists often make about the necessity of an intelligent designer for the existence of life. The argument goes as:

"It's impossible for something too complex like life to have occurred at random without an intelligent designer."

Arguments like this or variations of the same that often leave us feeling unsatisfied or inept to provide concrete answers with proper reasoning.

Below I have devised or attempted to make a sequence of logical arguments based on pre-established knowledge and successful theories in science to tackle this common theistic argument of the impossibility or pure coincidence of life and that its existence does not necessitate supernatural explanations but rather arises from natural processes under specific conditions.

My set of arguments is as follow:

1) Life, despite its complexity, can be understood as a mechanism that is completely possible and operates entirely within the known laws of physics. 

2) Following the Big Bang, the Universe underwent a period of extreme instability, characterized by high levels of radiation and chaotic conditions. Over billions of years, however, the Universe now has approached a state of equilibrium. This shift has created regions with conditions conducive to the emergence and sustenance of life, such as lower radiation levels and the presence of essential chemical elements.

3) Given the vast number (billions) of galaxies, stars, and planetary systems within the observable Universe, it is reasonable to hypothesize that a subset of planets possesses resources and conditions favorable for the development and sustenance of life. 

4) Among the multitude of planets, one of them, that we are very familiar with, happens to meet all of those precise requirements and luckily underwent through very specific circumstances through which life came into existence. Earth's history demonstrates a series of highly specific and contingent events that facilitated the origin of life. 

5) A pertinent question arises: is it merely coincidental that the most suitable environment for life to emerge and thrive happens to be the same environment we inhabit? This coincidence, though seemingly extraordinary, is a reflection of the conditions under which observers, such as ourselves, can arise to question it.

6) While the probability of life emerging under such specific circumstances may be exceedingly low, it does not imply impossibility. Our very existence serves as empirical evidence that such an event, however improbable, has occurred. Thus, the realization of this "low-probability event" is not a contradiction but an affirmation of the principle that possibility, however rare, can manifest given sufficient opportunities.

7) Once life emerged, its ability to undergo Darwinian evolution became a fundamental mechanism driving its complexity. Through natural selection, genetic variation, and adaptation, living organisms gradually evolved to exploit diverse environments and develop increasingly intricate structures and behaviors. This process of evolution not only explains the diversity of life on Earth but also underscores why life has transitioned from simple molecular beginnings to the complex ecosystems and intelligent beings observed today.

This is the best that I could do as of currently and I have convinced myself that it's enough to convince others too. However I believe it does need slight improvements. 

I'd be tempted myself to take a more direct approach. First, who deems life to be "impossible" without supernatural intervention, and on what basis? There are many highly complex structures in the universe, both at macro and micro scale, for which we have good models accounting for their formation. Why should life be uniquely different? Is there a logic to this judgement, or is it just the Argument from Personal Incredulity?  Such statements are normally made by people without any knowledge of the relevant pre-biotic chemistry, so there is at the very least room to question whether they should think themselves authorities on the matter. 

Second, science is in fact making a lot of progress in understanding how life may have arisen. So, although abiogenesis is probably the hardest unsolved problem in modern science, it has by no means met a brick wall. There is every reason to have faith that science will in time uncover one or more likely pathways by which life may have arisen. Unlike people promoting a naïve religious agenda, science is patient: the fact we have no answer yet does not mean there won't be one in time.    

[swansont]

The statistical argument is a shell game. It’s an argument used to justify a position that had already been reached. When it’s refuted, the proponent Gish-gallops to the next argument. Lack of/poor information isn’t the barrier.

It’s fine to put better information out there, but it’s unlikely to change minds.

[DavidWahl]

2 hours ago, KJW said:

With these two statements, you are begging the question.

 

Well, good heavens I didn't put those two statements together for a reason and I've carefully framed them to prevent such logical fallacies. The first statement is an observation grounded in scientific evidence while the second statement is merely a reflection of the anthropic principle.

Note that it does not explain why life emerged but shows that its emergence is compatible with both Earth's conditions and probabilistic reasoning. This way, I'm not assuming life exists to prove Earth's conditions facilitated it but instead highlighting how Earth's conditions align with the scientific understanding of life’s requirements for it to flourish into existence.

[studiot]

3 minutes ago, DavidWahl said:

1) Life, despite its complexity, can be understood as a mechanism that is completely possible and operates entirely within the known laws of physics. 

Why, do you think we know all the Laws of Physics ?

And what about other Laws belonging to other Sciences ?

 

4 minutes ago, DavidWahl said:

favorable for the development and sustenance of life. 

Which conditions are ?

 

5 minutes ago, DavidWahl said:

Among the multitude of planets, one of them, that we are very familiar with, happens to meet all of those precise requirements and luckily underwent through very specific circumstances through which life came into existence. Earth's history demonstrates a series of highly specific and contingent events that facilitated the origin of life. 

Agreed, but that does not mean it is the only one.

 

6 minutes ago, DavidWahl said:

5) A pertinent question arises: is it merely coincidental that the most suitable environment for life to emerge and thrive happens to be the same environment we inhabit? This coincidence, though seemingly extraordinary, is a reflection of the conditions under which observers, such as ourselves, can arise to question it

But it decidedly didn't. Life on Earth emerged in an anoxic atmousphere or ocean.

7 minutes ago, DavidWahl said:

7) Once life emerged, its ability to undergo Darwinian evolution became a fundamental mechanism driving its complexity. Through natural selection, genetic variation, and adaptation, living organisms gradually evolved to exploit diverse environments and develop increasingly intricate structures and behaviors. This process of evolution not only explains the diversity of life on Earth but also underscores why life has transitioned from simple molecular beginnings to the complex ecosystems and intelligent beings observed today.

We have moved on a very long way since 1859.

 

8 minutes ago, DavidWahl said:

2) Following the Big Bang, the Universe underwent a period of extreme instability, characterized by high levels of radiation and chaotic conditions. Over billions of years, however, the Universe now has approached a state of equilibrium. This shift has created regions with conditions conducive to the emergence and sustenance of life, such as lower radiation levels and the presence of essential chemical elements.

Equilibrium ?

[DavidWahl]

1 hour ago, studiot said:

Why, do you think we know all the Laws of Physics ?

And what about other Laws belonging to other Sciences ?

To be honest, I don't know but I believe that we don't know all the laws of physics or at least not in their most general form. I dream of the day we would finally discover the physical laws that are so fundamental that they could explain even the workings of a blackhole. 

I've priorised physics because the laws of physics are more fundamental than that of other sciences, duh. In fact, these laws form the foundational framework upon which all other sciences are built.

1 hour ago, studiot said:

Which conditions are ?

Various conditions like the presence of liquid H2O, the location of planet earth in the habitable zone of the solar system, the formation of a protective layer of atmosphere, the presence of a magnetic field, the availability of essential resources and chemical diversity and so on. 

 

1 hour ago, studiot said:

But it decidedly didn't. Life on Earth emerged in an anoxic atmosphere or ocean.

Metabolism is key. Early life didn't need oxygen but eventually life found an ingenious way to utilize oxygen for metabolism through photosynthesis. 

 

1 hour ago, studiot said:

We have moved on a very long way since 1859.

Evolution could be anything like the evolution of anime, technology, fashion and more. In scientific literature, Darwinian evolution refers to the process of biological change in populations of organisms over generations through the variation, inheritance and natural selection. Do not confuse it with Darwin's Original Theory of Evolution which is presented in his book On the Origin of Species. 

 

1 hour ago, studiot said:

Equilibrium ?

Yes, all it means is that our universe has reached to a stage where the extreme and chaotic conditions of its early moments have settled into more stable and predictable patterns. The Early universe was extremely hot, dense, and dominated by high-energy radiation and particles in constant interaction. Subsequently, with sufficient amount of time, the universe has expanded and cooled significantly, reducing the intensity of harmful radiation. This cooling allowed matter to condense into atoms and form stable structures like galaxies, solar systems and even chemical elements like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. It's not an absolute state but it's relative to the turbulent conditions of our early universe which is why now is much better for a phenomenon such as life to occur. 

[studiot]

Just now, DavidWahl said:

Metabolism is key. Early life didn't need oxygen but eventually life found an ingenious way to utilize oxygen for metabolism through photosynthesis.

so claims a would be physicist

who seems to know nothing about Chemistry.

Further I was responding to your claim that the conditions under which life emerged are the same as the ones we now find on Earth.

2 hours ago, DavidWahl said:

for life to emerge and thrive happens to be the same environment we inhabit?

There was no oxygen when life emerged period.

 

Just now, DavidWahl said:

To be honest, I don't know but I believe that we don't know all the laws of physics or at least not in their most general form. I dream of the day we would finally discover the physical laws that are so fundamental that they could explain even the workings of a blackhole. 

I've priorised physics because the laws of physics are more fundamental than that of other sciences, duh. In fact, these laws form the foundational framework upon which all other sciences are built.

And Physics would be a real shadow without Mathematics.

But don't be so disdainful of other sciences.

 

Just now, DavidWahl said:

the location of planet earth in the habitable zone of the solar system,

This assumes what you set out to demonstrate.

The hew horizons space probe has cast serious doubt on that with the astounding data gathered from Pluto

 

Just now, DavidWahl said:

Yes, all it means is that our universe has reached to a stage where the extreme and chaotic conditions of its early moments have settled into more stable and predictable patterns. The Early universe was extremely hot, dense, and dominated by high-energy radiation and particles in constant interaction. Subsequently, with sufficient amount of time, the universe has expanded and cooled significantly, reducing the intensity of harmful radiation. This cooling allowed matter to condense into atoms and form stable structures like galaxies, solar systems and even chemical elements like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. It's not an absolute state but it's relative to the turbulent conditions of our early universe which is why now is much better for a phenomenon such as life to occur.

Clearly you don't knpow what equilibrium means.

Strange for a would be Physicist.

 

Just now, DavidWahl said:

Evolution could be anything like the evolution of anime, technology, fashion and more. In scientific literature, Darwinian evolution refers to the process of biological change in populations of organisms over generations through the variation, inheritance and natural selection. Do not confuse it with Darwin's Original Theory of Evolution which is presented in his book On the Origin of Species. 

Not according to Wkipedia.

Quote

Wikipedia

Evolution is not a random process. Although mutations in DNA are random, natural selection is not a process of chance: the environment determines the probability of reproductive success. Evolution is an inevitable result of imperfectly copying, self-replicating organisms reproducing over billions of years under the selective pressure of the environment. The outcome of evolution is not a perfectly designed organism. The end products of natural selection are organisms that are adapted to their present environments. Natural selection does not involve progress towards an ultimate goal. Evolution does not strive for more advanced, more intelligent, or more sophisticated life forms.^[25] For example, fleas (wingless parasites) are descended from a winged, ancestral scorpionfly, and snakes are lizards that no longer require limbs—although pythons still grow tiny structures that are the remains of their ancestor's hind legs.^[26][27] Organisms are merely the outcome of variations that succeed or fail, dependent upon the environmental conditions at the time.

 

[DavidWahl]

5 minutes ago, studiot said:

Further I was responding to your claim that the conditions under which life emerged are the same as the ones we now find on Earth.

There was no oxygen when life emerged period.

Show me an argument I made that suggest oxygen (O2) as a necessity for the emergence of life, please do not confuse it with the elemental oxygen that also exist in other compounds like water. Your preconceived notions are not mine. Do you think the stars made a special exception for the production of elemental oxygen? There was no oxygen at all, I'm dead. 

 

11 minutes ago, studiot said:

And Physics would be a real shadow without Mathematics.

But don't be so disdainful of other sciences.

Thank you for expressing your unnecessary viewpoints, I mean if you want to understand it that way. 

 

13 minutes ago, studiot said:

Clearly you don't knpow what equilibrium means.

The word 'equilibrium' is not exclusively used to convey only the concept of thermodynamical equilibrium. I hope that is clear. 

 

21 minutes ago, studiot said:

Not according to Wkipedia.

I'm sorry, please offer me clarification. What is not according to wikipedia? 

Do not confuse more complex with more advance. Even though they are related, these two are separate things. Although, complexity is not inherently the "goal" of evolution, natural selection favors traits that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Over generations, organisms accumulate beneficial adaptations. Some of these adaptations may lead to greater complexity if they provide a survival advantage. Since natural selection preserves variations that confer advantages and passes it down through generations, complexity arises from the accumulation of small, incremental changes over millions or billions of years.

You are butchering my arguments in every single way without understanding the essence of them even a little bit. I've made sure that my arguments are pretty much flawless. I would highly recommend you to think twice before you write because I don't think you are making any progress as far as I'm concerned. 

[DavidWahl]

11 hours ago, swansont said:

The statistical argument is a shell game. It’s an argument used to justify a position that had already been reached. When it’s refuted, the proponent Gish-gallops to the next argument. Lack of/poor information isn’t the barrier.

It’s fine to put better information out there, but it’s unlikely to change minds.

I agree. 

I've found that misrepresentation, misinterpretation, and manipulation of statistical data are among the methods they often resort to, to support their biased arguments and make weak justifications. 

It is unlikely to convince them but by erecting a more solid set of arguments based on evidence, I'm expecting it would prevent them from developing complex, obscure and yet nonetheless wrong arguments in the future and reinforce them to take time to understand what is written before they could point out what is wrong but, of course, only if they don't want to embarrass themselves which is also very unlikely. When you don't make good, simple and complete arguments, they'd find ways to exploit them for which they haven't really understood and later they repeat their premises to argue with someone else because they haven't lost their faith in them since they don't think you have been able to completely refute them. 

Edited 3 hours ago by DavidWahl