About the quantum shells.

[Primarygun]

Hello,

1.May anyone explain why at higher temperature, the excited electrons can settle at a higher energy level?

2.What does the radial probability mean? Meaning the probability of finding an electron at a specific distance from the nucleus or an electron of a particular orbital.

3. Why does Lithium ion have more energy level than hydrogen atom ?

And isn't it that hydrogen atom have all the energy levels from n=1 to n=infinity?

4.Orbitals of a particular sub-shell do not possess identical energy only when they are under magnetic field, right?

And generally, the orbitals of the same sub-shell have the same properties, doesn't them?

Thank you for your kind attention.

[swansont]

Hello,

1.May anyone explain why at higher temperature, the excited electrons can settle at a higher energy level?

 

Atoms with thermal energy collide, so sometimes the atoms will be in an excited state. They will decay, but you'll hit a steady state because of continual collisions

[Darkblade48]

3. Why does Lithium ion have more energy level than hydrogen atom ?

And isn't it that hydrogen atom have all the energy levels from n=1 to n=infinity?

It doesn't have more energy levels, it has more filled energy levels (i.e. 3 electrons in lithium as opposed to 1 in hydrogen.

 

4.Orbitals of a particular sub-shell do not possess identical energy only when they are under magnetic field, right?

And generally, the orbitals of the same sub-shell have the same properties, doesn't them?

If you are talking about (i.e.) the Px, Py and Pz orbitals, then they have the identical energy regardless of whether or not they are under a magnetic field. Yes, they also have the same properties. If an electron is energetic enough to be in the Px orbital, it has an equal chance of being in the Py or Pz orbitals as well.

[Primarygun]

Thanks. You give me an excellent resort to question 3 and 4.

However, I am still confused with the second question (2).

[swansont]

Radial probability (as I've seen it used in QM) is the probability of finding the electron between r and r+dr. The value you get will be dependent on which orbital you are in, because they have different wave functions.