Joint Movement Technology

[Doctor Asmaa]

Joint Movement Technology

 

When the human body is in anatomical position, all body segments are considered to be positioned at zero degree. Rotation of body segment away from anatomical position is named according to the direction of motion and is measured as the angle between the body segment’s position and anatomical position.

 

1-Sagittal Plane Movements

 

From anatomical position, the three primary movements which occur in sagittal plane are flexion, extension, and hyperextension. Flexion includes anteriorly directed sagittal plane rotations of the head, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, and hip and posteriorly directed sagittal plane rotation of the lower leg. Extension is define as the movement that returns the body segment to anatomical position from a position of flexion.

 

Hyperextension is rotation beyond anatomical position in the direction opposite the direction of flexion. If the arms or legs are internally or externally rotated from anatomical position, flexion, extension and hyperextension at the knee and elbow may occur in a plane other than in sagittal.

 

Sagittal plane rotation at the ankle occurs both when the foot is moved relative to the lower leg and when the lower leg is moved relative to the foot. Motion bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg is known as dorsiflexion, and the opposite motion, which can be visualized as “planting” the ball of the foot, is termed planter flexion.

 

2-Frontal Plane Movements

 

The major frontal plane rotational movements are abduction and adduction. Adduction moves a body segment away from the midline of the body and adduction moves a body segment closer to the midline of the body.

Other frontal plane movements include sideways rotation of the trunk, which is termed right or left lateral flexion. Elevation and depression of the shoulder girdle refer to movement of the shoulder girdle in superior and inferior directions respectively.

Rotation of the hand at the wrist in the frontal plane toward the radius (thumb side) is referred to as radial deviation.

Ulnar deviation is hand rotation toward the ulna (little finger side).

Movements of the foot that occur largely in the frontal plane are eversion and inversion. Outward rotation of the sole of the foot is termed evertion and inward rotation of the sole of the foot is called inversion. Abduction and adduction are also used to describe outward and inward rotation of the entire foot.

Pronation and supination are often used to describe motion occurring at the subtalar joint, pronation at the subtalar joint consists of a combination of evertion, abduction, dorsiflexion, and supination involves inversion, adduction and planter flexion .

 

3-Transverse Plane Movements

 

Body movements in the transverse plane are rotational movements about longtudinal axis. Left rotation and right rotation are used to describe trasverse plane movements of the head, neck and trunk.

Rotation of an arm or leg as a unit in the transverse plane is called medial rotation when rotation is toward the midline of the body and lateral rotation when the rotation is away from the midline of the body.

Specific terms are used for rotational movements of the forearm and of the foot. Outward and inward rotations of the forearm and respectively known as supination and pronation. In anatomical position, the forearm is in a supination position.

Although abduction and adduction are frontal plane movements, when the arm or thigh is flexed to a 90 degree position, movement of these segments in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position is termed horizontal abduction or horizontal extension.

Movement in the transverse plane from a lateral to an anterior position is called horizontal adduction or horizontal flexion.

[Glider]

Er...ok?

 

Did you accidentally post your orthopaedic notes, or is there an actual point to this?

[Sayonara]

I found it interesting.

 

Although I don't know why it's a thread either...

[Doctor Asmaa]

Hello, every Body Thanks to your comment

I want to say that this information is vital to many people in the field of medicine

 

Thanks

[Glider]

Yes it is. Thank you.

[mab]

I tried to understand what you have written but it's too complex for me.

Could you explain the topic according to layman standard?

No need to go into complicated details just give basic information hope I am not asking too much.