Quick LaTeX Tutorial

[renerpho]

[math]e^{-2}[/math]

Edited November 21, 2016 by renerpho

[renerpho]

[latex]\begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}[/latex]

[math]e^{\frac {t}{\sqrt{m}}}[/math]

[latex]\begin{pmatrix} m \ddot{x}-x \\ m \ddot{y}-y \end{pmatrix}=\pm \frac{2}{3} \begin{pmatrix} a{_x}+b{_x}+c{_x} \\ \ a{_y}+b{_y}+c{_y} \end{pmatrix}[/latex]

Edited November 21, 2016 by renerpho

[mathspassion]

This is a short guide to using the new LaTeX system that has been implemented on the boards. First off, for those who don't know what LaTeX is, a short description. LaTeX is, to all intents and purposes, a fully fledged math typesetting system - basically put, you can write math with it. It's a very flexible and hence very advanced piece of software, and the syntax for it is quite complex, but fairly easy to learn for typesetting smaller equations.

 

On scienceforums.net, we've implemented a small LaTeX system to allow you to typeset equations (in other words, cut out all the x^2 stuff and make things easier to read for everyone). The basic principle behind it is this: you have a LaTeX string, and you surround it by [math][/math] tags. I'll come to the syntax of the actual string in a moment.

 

For those who can already use LaTeX (and indeed, those who can't), a few things to note. In the system we've implemented, a tex file is created, surrounding the string you input with a \begin{display} environment so there is no need for $, $, \[ etc. Also note that we've included the standard AMS files for you; if anyone wants any special characters, I'm sure we can probably accommodate your needs.

 

The images are clickable, so you can see the code that was used to make them by clicking.

 

Now that's all out of the way, onto some examples

 

Examples

 

[math]x^2_1[/math] - Indexes (both subscript and superscript) on variables

 

[math]f(x) = \sin(x)[/math] - A simple function.

 

[math]\frac{dy}{dxx} = \frac{1}{1+x^2}[/math] - Example of fractions - you can create small fractions by using \tfrac.

 

[math]\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} = \sqrt{\pi}[/math] - A nice integral.

 

[math]\mathcal{F}_{x} [\sin(2\pi k_0 x)](k) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-2\pi ikx} \left( \frac{e^{2\pi ik_{0}x} - e^{-2\pi ik_{0}x}}{2i} \right)\, dx[/math] - a Fourier Transformation, which is rather large.

 

I could go on and on, but I'll go onto explain some of the basic syntax of LaTeX.

 

Syntax

 

Functions & General Syntax

 

Basically put, if you want to write a math equation in LaTeX, you just write it. If you wanted f(x) = 3, then bung that between to math tags and you're done, producing [math]f(x)=3[/math]. Don't worry about extra spaces or carriage returns, because in general LaTeX will ignore them. It does get a little more complex than this, but don't worry about that for now. Remember that any letters you type in will be presumed to be some kind of variable and hence will be italicised.

 

We also have functions to display more complex things like matrices and fractions, and they have the syntax of having a \ before them, usually followed by some kind of argument. For example, \sin will produce the function sin and \frac{num}{denom} will produce a fraction with a specified numerator and denominator. More on these later.

 

Also remember that LaTeX is case sensitive, so \sigma is NOT the same as \Sigma.

 

Subscripts and Superscripts

 

This is perhaps one of the easiest things to do in LaTeX, and one of the most useful. Let's, for the sake of argument, say you wanted to write x². Then you'd write x^{2}, producing [math]x^2[/math]. Notice that you don't necessarily need the { and } in cases where you only have 1 thing in the index, for example x^2. But it does care if you want to write something like [math]x^{3x+2}[/math]. Subscripts are done similarly, but you use the _ operator instead of ^. If you want both subscript and superscript, then use the syntax x^{2}_{1} - which is equivalent to x_{1}^{2}.

 

Fractions and functions

 

As I've mentioned, fractions are generated by using the function \frac{num}{denom}. For example:

 

[math]\frac{1}{3}[/math]

 

[math]\frac{7}{x^2}[/math]

 

If you want smaller fractions, you can use \tfrac, to produce things like [math]\tfrac{1}{2}[/math] which will fit into a line nicely without having to seperate it.

 

LaTeX has some nice in-built functions like \sin, \cos, etc. I'm not going to write them all down here, but I'll point you to a website at the end of the document that contains them. Likewise, you can write symbols (such as infinity by using \infty) and Greek letters (e.g. \phi, \Sigma, \sigma, etc)

 

Bracketing

 

You can get all your usual brackets just by typing them straight in; for instance, (, |, [, etc. However, sometimes they won't be the right size, especially if you want to write something like (1/2)ⁿ. You can get around this by using the \left and \right commands, and then placing your favourite brackets after them. For instance, to write (1/2)ⁿ, we have:

 

[math]\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{n}[/math]

 

Integrals, Summations and Limits

 

Integrals can be produced by using \int, summations by \sum and limits by \lim. You can put limits on them all in the right places by using the normal subscript/superscript commands. For instance:

 

[math]\int_a^b x^2 \,dx[/math]

 

[math]\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n} = 0[/math]

 

[math]\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}.[/math]

 

Summary

 

There's a lot more things you can do with LaTeX, and I'll try to add to this as time goes by. Have a look at:

 

http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/'>http://www.maths.tcd...ns/LaTeXPrimer/ - the LaTeX primer

http://omega.albany.edu:8008/Symbols.html'>http://omega.albany....08/Symbols.html - some symbols that you might find useful.

 

If you have any questions about the system, send me a PM and I'll try to help

 

Cheers.

great

[Vmedvil]

[math] MUHA[/math]

[math] \psi-bar [/math]

[math] \nabla ' (x,y,z,\omega_s [/math]

Edited December 3, 2017 by Vmedvil

[koti]

33 minutes ago, Vmedvil said:

MUHA

ψ−bar

It’ll be great to see your equations readable finally

[Vmedvil]

54 minutes ago, koti said:

It’ll be great to see your equations readable finally

I can read it fine, but I always type them like that [math]\psibar[/math]

How do i type the damned BAR

[math]\nabla ' (x,y,z,\omega_s,\omega_p,E,I,k_s,\phi,S,X,Z,\mu)= \hbar \omega_s Log_{(DgDaD \psi D \phi -W)}(| \frac{2 \hbar G C^2 R_s - \frac{1}{4} F^a_{\mu v} F^{a \mu v} +i (\psi bar)\gamma^{\mu}D_{\mu}\psi^{i} +(\psi bar)^{i}_{L}V_{ij}\phi \psi^{j}_{r} + a_{ij} - V(\phi)}{-D_\mu}|)(-e^{\frac{2S(r,t)}{h}}) - \frac{E_{rest}}{C^{2}}\omega_s \sqrt{\frac {G_{uv} - R_{uv}}{g_{uv}}}[/math]

Edited December 3, 2017 by Vmedvil

[Vmedvil]

[math]+ \sqrt{(\frac{(\frac{S^{2}}{\frac{3G\frac{E_{rest}}{C^{2}}}{2C^{2}R_{s}^{3}}}R_{p}v_{p}\frac{GI_{s}}{C^{2}}R_{s}^{3}(\frac{3R_{p}}{R_{s}^{2}}(\omega_{p}R_{p})- \omega_{p}))^{2}R_{s}^{2}}{2})\frac{Log_{(DgDaD \psi D \phi -W)}(| \frac{2 \hbar G C^2 R_s - \frac{1}{4} F^a_{\mu v} F^{a \mu v} +i (\psi bar)\gamma^{\mu}D_{\mu}\psi^{i} +(\psi bar)^{i}_{L}V_{ij}\phi \psi^{j}_{r} + a_{ij} - V(\phi)}{-D_\mu}|)(-e^{\frac{2S(r,t)}{h}})}{\frac{\hbar^{2}(Log_{(DgDaD \psi D \phi -W)}(| \frac{2 \hbar G C^2 R_s - \frac{1}{4} F^a_{\mu v} F^{a \mu v} +i (\psi bar)\gamma^{\mu}D_{\mu}\psi^{i} +(\psi bar)^{i}_{L}V_{ij}\phi \psi^{j}_{r} + a_{ij} - V(\phi)}{-D_\mu}|)(-e^{\frac{2S(r,t)}{h}}))}{2\frac{E_{rest}}{C^{2}}}}}[/math]

Edited December 3, 2017 by Vmedvil

[vovka]

\( y=x^2 \)

x^{-2}

 

Edited December 16, 2017 by vovka
testing

[vovka]

\(\sqrt{\pi})\

\(\sqrt{\pi}\) 

 

Edited May 20, 2018 by vovka
test

[murshid]

\frac{\pi^{2}}{6}

 

(test)

4 minutes ago, murshid said:

\frac{\pi^{2}}{6}

 

(test)

 

 

What am I doing wrong? Why isn't it working?

.

Edited May 21, 2018 by murshid

[DanMP]

Test

t_1=\frac{1+(n-1)(1-v/c)}{c/d+(v/d)(n-1)(1-v/c)}

[math]t_1=\frac{1+(n-1)(1-v/c)}{c/d+(v/d)(n-1)(1-v/c)}[/math]

[math]t_1=\frac{1+(n-1)(1-v/c)}{c/d+(v/d)(n-1)(1-v/c)}[/math]

What I'm doing wrong? Please help.

Ok, I get it, it worked but the preview didn't. Why?

 

Edited August 23, 2018 by DanMP

[taeto]

6 hours ago, DanMP said:

Ok, I get it, it worked but the preview didn't. Why?

For some reason, on this site you have to reload your post twice before the math shows correctly.

If it is something else, then please be more specific about what is not working. Your code looks good.

[DanMP]

9 minutes ago, taeto said:

For some reason, on this site you have to reload your post twice before the math shows correctly.

If it is something else, then please be more specific about what is not working. Your code looks good.

The preview function in the editor didn't work correctly. I only found out that the code was good after posting the whole message ...

[murshid]

[math]\frac{\pi^{2}}{6}[/math]

 

(test)

Edited August 26, 2018 by murshid

[Clear Kets]

\(\textbf{v}\ \in\ \mathbb{R^n}\)

 

Hmm... guess not.  Oh, well, season's greetings, all and sundry.

OK, I've tried A. I've tried B. Tried C, which was reading the instructions, and that worked! Hooray!

Edited December 25, 2018 by Clear Kets
trying math

[FragmentedCurve]

Testing

 

[math]\sum_{i=1}^{n} i = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}[/math]

 

This is inline [math]f(x) = x^{2}[/math].

 

The LaTex isn't rendered when previewing a post.

Edited January 5, 2019 by FragmentedCurve
Testing and made a comment about previews

[Strange]

4 hours ago, FragmentedCurve said:

The LaTex isn't rendered when previewing a post.

For some reason you have to reload the page before you can see it. 

[Hrvoje1]

[math]t_1=\frac{1+(n-1)(1-v/c)}{c/d+(v/d)(n-1)(1-v/c)}[/math]

Edited May 21, 2019 by Hrvoje1

[Hrvoje1]

[math]\sqrt{a}[/math]

Edited May 22, 2019 by Hrvoje1

[Hrvoje1]

test

Edited May 22, 2019 by Hrvoje1

[Martoonsky]

Hi. Thanks for the the help, but I have a complaint. In your original post, you say to use math tags but you don't explain what the math tags are or how they're formatted.

[Bufofrog]

Bob says [math] x^2[/math] for fun.

Edited October 3, 2020 by Bufofrog

[Col Not Colin]

[math] \int _0^{\infty} x^2 dx[/math]

[math] \frac{\delta^2 x} {\delta a \delta b} = frac{\delta^2 y} {\delta^2 x} [/math]

Did I hear someone say there was a sandbox?  How do I post to that and check my formula?

Edited February 4, 2021 by Col Not Colin
Fix LateX errors

[studiot]

6 minutes ago, Col Not Colin said:

/int _0^{/infty} x^2 dx

Did I hear someone say there was a sandbox?  How do I post to that and check my formula?

 

Another useful thing I forgot to mention before.

If you want special characters such as greek letters, square root signs etc directly in the text you can use Windows program native charmap.exe to select, copy and paste them straight in without any LaTex etc at all. So here is Xi by this method Ξ

 

[Phi for All]

10 minutes ago, Col Not Colin said:

∫∞0x2dx

Did I hear someone say there was a sandbox?  How do I post to that and check my formula?

https://www.scienceforums.net/forum/99-the-sandbox/