Aqua Regia, HCL, NH4NO3?

[Dragoncaviar]

Is there any substitute for HNO3 In the manufacture of Aqua Regia?

 

Also, what's the easiest method of manufacture for the HCL in Aqua Regia?

 

Does anyone know how to turn NH4NO3 back to HNO3, or separate the ammonium phosphate from the nitrate?

 

Why bother adding 54% Ammonium Phosphate, when they know that eventually we will find a way of separating the two!

 

Any help on these matters would be appreciated,

[ed84c]

1. why do want to make it ?

 

2. why cant you use HNO3?

 

just of curiocity (sp error)

[Dragoncaviar]

I want to make it for personal use

 

I can't use HNO3 because I don't have any and Do not know where to get it as it is virtually impossible to buy as it is one of the most common ingredience in most explosives now adays.

If you know a little shop down the road where I can buy it, please tell me, and every terrorist in the world, as I'm sure they're gagging to buy it.

Alternatively, tell me how to make it with NH4NO3.

 

Again any help much appreciated

[ed84c]

do you have access to H2SO4, or do you just want to make really dangerous chemicals in your kitchen like me

[Dragoncaviar]

I have access to H2SO4, and can make it conc if needs be

[ed84c]

well then with KNO3 (purchased of eBay for around £3)

 

Material Required

-----------------

Potassium Nitrate (2 parts by volume)

 

CONCENTRATED sulfuric acid (1 part by volume) Motor vehicle batteries

Industrial plants

2 bottles or ceramin jugs (narrow necks are

preferable)

Pot or frying pan

Heat source (wood, charcoal, or coal)

Tape (paper, electrical, masking, but NOT cellophane!)

Paper or rags

 

IMPORTANT: If sulfuric acid is obtained from a motor vehicle battery,

concentrate it by boiling it UNTIL white fumes appear. DO NOT INHALE FUMES

 

NOTE: The amount of nitric acid produced is th same as the amount of

potassium nitrate. Thus, for two tablespoons of nitric acid, use 2

tablespoons of potassium nitrate and 1 tablespoonful of concentrated sulfuric

acid.

 

Procedure:

---------

 

1) Place dry potassium nitrate in bottle or jug. Add sulfuric acid. Do not

fill the bottle more than 1/4 full. Mix until paste is formed.

 

CAUTION: DO NOT INHALE FUMES!

 

2) Wrap paper or rags around necks of two bottles. securly tape necks of two

bottles together. Be sure that bottles are flush against each other and that

there are no air spaces.

3) Support bottles on rocks or cans so that empty bottle is SLIGHTLY lower

than bottle containing paste so that nitric acid that is formed in receiving

bottle will not run into other bottle.

4) Build fire in pot or frying pan.

5) Gently heat bottle containing mixture by gently moving fire in and out. As

red fumes begin to appear periodically pour cool water over empty receiving

bottle. Nitric acid will befin to form in receiving bottle.

 

CAUTION: Do not overheat or wet bottle containing mixture or it may shatter.

As an added precaution, place bottle to be heated in heat resistant container

filled with sand or gravel. Heat this outer container to produce nitric acid.

 

6) Continue the above process until no more red fumes are formed. If the

nitric acid formed in the receiving bottle is not clear (cloudy) pour it into

cleaned bottle and repeat steps 2-6.

[YT2095]

Is there any substitute for HNO3 In the manufacture of Aqua Regia?

no.

[pulkit]

I can't use HNO3 because I don't have any and Do not know where to get it as it is virtually impossible to buy as it is one of the most common ingredience in most explosives now adays

 

 

Is nitric acid that hard to get ?

 

I used to get it easily even in my school labs, in fact I made aqua reggia several times in school for qualitative analysis.

[YT2095]

it`s hard to obtain without the correct permits and/or liscence(s).

but it`s VERY EASY to make with standard lab kit, as is HCl(aq), then a 1 to 3 ratio mix will provide the required Aqua Regia, there are no "shortcuts" however.

[pulkit]

I am pretty sure we get HCl and HNO3 prepared as liquids and sold out to chemistry labs all over atleast here in India.

 

In fact in college, we now get HCl in bucket loads.

[ed84c]

just use the method i gave, best bet

[Dragoncaviar]

Thanks Eveyrone, could you ship a bucket load of that HCL over to England???

 

That would only be 20 Years inprisonment over here!

 

bastard Government, Big Brother!!!

[budullewraagh]

heh, i have some super conc HCl. i made a solution of 250 mL H2O with 10mL of my HCl solution and it had a pH of 1.

 

I can't use HNO3 because I don't have any and Do not know where to get it as it is virtually impossible to buy as it is one of the most common ingredience in most explosives now adays.

pssh, HNO3 is easy to make; just get a nitrate source and NaHSO4 and be ready to collect HNO3(g)

[Dragoncaviar]

Pardon my ignorance but i think it is slightly more complicated than that, Sorry if I'm wrong, but for a start the HNO3 isn't formed in a gas state, and plus, I didn't think that NaHSO4 would reduce nitrates.

 

This is what I thought happened:

MNO3(aq) + NaHSO4(aq) ------> NaMSO4 + OH- + NO2

Now maybe the OH and NO2 react, but im not sure,

they would, but if your talking about a gas, think that would be NO - which reacts with air to give NO2.

By all means correct me, but if it was that easy, wouldn't we all have done it by now?

[YT2095]

NaHSO4 will indeed reduce Nitrates, as it breaks down (decomposes) on heating to liberate Sulphuric acid into your reaction, giving you your Nitric acid.

car battery acid is just as good too if you can`t get sodium hydrogen sulphate.

 

NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) will dissolve in water to make nitric acid without a problem

just don`t breathe any of it!!!!!

[budullewraagh]

when producing nitric, work in a well ventilated area. rubber will not save you from the nitric anhydride evolved, nor will clothes, nor will skin. nitric anhydride will rip straight through you. i suggest using large bags to keep the gas contained.

[Primarygun]

I heard about laboratory produce 12M HCl for storage, how's that?

I only used the school's lab once in the previous year chemistry lessons.

Do precipitate occur?

[budullewraagh]

well, they dissolve about 438 grams HCl gas in water. at this concentration, HCl gas fumes out.

[pulkit]

Though concentrated HCl and sulphuric acid don't cause too many storage problems. They can be bottled up if you wish to do so. Thtas why they are stored in high concentrations. One chemical that is notoriously hard to handle is ammonia, generally labs would store that in fume cabinets, which is why often you don't get too much conc NH3 in school labs.

[Primarygun]

well, they dissolve about 438 grams HCl gas in water. at this concentration, HCl gas fumes out.

HCl is gas?

Do 1000000M and 1000000000000000000M for HCl have the same ionization value?

[budullewraagh]

HCl is a gas at room temperature. i have some fuming supersaturated HCl in ze underground laboratory actually.

 

100000000M HCl couldn't exist; HCl isn't soluble enough.

[pulkit]

i have some fuming supersaturated HCl in ze underground laboratory actually.

 

Interesting that noone at home objects !

 

I forgot, what is the concentration (?M) of saturated HCl ??

[budullewraagh]

Interesting that noone at home objects !

actually, it was just 20% HCl that was kept in my basement for 25 years. oh man i love it though:)

 

saturated HCl at various temps:

0 celcius: 512g

10 C: 475g

20 C: 442g

30 C: 412g

40 C: 385g

60 C: 339g

 

0 C: 14.04242458 M

10 C: 13.02763999 M

20 C: 12.12256184 M

30 C: 11.29976353 M

40 C: 10.55924504 M

60 C: 9.297620961 M

[budullewraagh]

altho my supersaturated HCl is probably upwards of 20M

 

i should check sometime

[Primarygun]

Does hydrofluoric acid get a lower saturation than hydrochloric acid?

I think so because concerning on difference of electronegativity.Is some intermolecular force included? Dear bud and pull.