Video of the motion of negative mass or dark matter

[icarus2]

Video of the motion of negative mass or dark matter

 

I’m sorry. I can’t English well. My native language is not English.

I make simulation video of the negative mass. Negative mass(energy) can explain the dark energy and dark matter.

 

It is explain that

Almost uniformly distribution of the dark matter,

Non-observation of the star and galaxy consists of dark matter,

Dark matter clumping around galaxy,

Rotation curve of the galaxy -Centripetal force effect,

Low interaction between dark matter when collision occurs between dark matter,

Collision of Bullet Cluster,

Non-observation of dark matter at the Earth and Solar system (Xenon100, CDMS II…)

Nonbaryonic dark matter condition,

 

 

Observed value of the dark energy(10^(-47)GeV^4),

Repulsive force needed for accelerating expansion,

It is show that result of original field equation(Λ=0) of general relativity is right.

 

 

Motion of the negative mass or dark matter -1

 

Motion of the negative mass or dark matter -2

 

=======

Hypothesis of dark matter and dark energy with negative mass :

http://vixra.org/abs/0907.0015

Edited July 7, 2010 by icarus2

[Cropduster23]

Dude...why did you submit a print to vixra.org ? That place is full of cranks and conspiracy theorists. If you want to be taken seriously you need to clean up your hypothesis and submit it to a normal journal. It's a little expensive but if you write it up better, maybe even Physical Review Letters might review it.

 

Just FYI, your theory implies that dark matter is made of tachyons. Just something to think about if you didn't already realize this, it could have implications that you didn't consider. Also, Paul Davies published an article some time ago about hypothesis such as yours, I you should probably have a look at it, you will find it very relevant to your idea. Link to the paper is below:

 

http://arxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0403/0403048.pdf

Edited July 7, 2010 by Cropduster23
including link to external sources

[icarus2]

Thank you! cropduster23!

==========

 

I’m sorry. I can’t English well. My native language is not English.

 

[ Dark matter and dark energy come from one origin! ]

 

I. Negative mass is stable at the maximum point!

therefore the catastrophe to energy level of minus infinity never happens

 

In the negative mass,

F= - ∇U, F= - ma (m>0), a = - F/m

=============

 

II. Dark energy is corresponding to the negative mass(energy)

 

HSS(The High-z Supernova Search) team : Brian P. Schmidt, et al :

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9805201 14P, 26~29lines.

If Λ=0, Ω_m = - 0.38(±0.22) : negative mass density

 

SCP(Supernova Cosmology Project) team : S.Perlmutter et al.

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9812473 7P

If Λ=0, Ω_m = - 0.4(±0.1) : negative mass density

=============

 

III. Calculating centripetal force in galaxy from negative mass(Dark Matter) distributed out of galaxy

 

fig11

caption : Revolution velocity of galaxy. The revolution velocity through the total quantity of matter that can be observed is A, while the actual observed value is B.

 

We observed not positive mass but gravitation effect.

 

This study mentioned the effect of centripetal force described previously, and the effect of centripetal force of negative mass with the description of dark matter. The researcher suggests that it is possible to prove the existence of negative mass with the comparison between observed value and revolution velocity of star according to the distance in galaxy which is calculated from negative mass distributed out of galaxy.

 

fig12

caption : Negative mass effect on arms of galaxy. The actual observed spiral galaxy is on the left. Since repulsive effects occur between negative masses in Newton’s dynamics, negative masses will be distributed all over space because it cannot form large mass structures like stars. Negative mass within the galaxy is cancelled out by attraction from large positive mass during the galaxy formation process. Furthermore, the space, other that the galaxy, will maintain the distribution state of negative mass. - Please view to the simulation video-1,2

 

When negative mass is distributed uniformly, if we examine the area of galaxy diameter working the gravity on the basis of mass m for the analysis, there is no negative mass in the space of spiral space on the left, so negative mass can exist as much as the size of black and white on the right. negative mass on the right works the force on positive mass m on the origin to the left(positive mass moves after receiving the force that becomes farther from negative mass), and this direction will be in keeping with the central direction of gravity of real galaxy.

 

[math]

V®^2 = GM®/r

[/math]

 

[math]

M® = M®_{visible} + M®_{dark}

[/math]

 

From the calculation of centripetal force in Newton dynamics, the important matters to calculate gravity effect of negative mass are the size and model of empty space of negative mass by real galaxy on the left, in case of spiral galaxy or oval galaxy, it may be close to oval if we consider the fact that most of mass is placed on galaxy core, the rotation of galaxy, and the gravitational radius of galaxy core, thus we regard empty space of negative mass as spherical or oval, and perform calculation to compare with observed value.

 

fig13

caption : Effective negative mass.

The negative mass distribution, where gravity is applied without cancellation of the oblique field located on the right side.

 

[math]

\frac{{mv^2 }}{{r_ + }} = \frac{{GM_ + (r_ + )m}}{{r_ + ^2 }} + \frac{{GM_ - (r_ - )m}}{{r_ - ^2 }} ---(103)

[/math]

 

([math]M_ + (r_ + ) > 0, M_ - (r_ - ) > 0[/math])

 

Adding the term of centripetal force by negative mass to the term of centripetal force by positive mass as described above, we compare revolution velocity of star and the density of negative mass, then expand this to apply to other galaxies, and we can inspect if the interpretation of dark matter distributed out of galaxy is proper or not.

 

The distribution of negative mass that remains without being offset in Fig12 & Fig. 13 is crescent-shaped, so it seems to be difficult to calculate, but

 

1)if we assume that the white empty space on the left is full with negative mass and positive mass at the same density,

white empty space(0) = (+mc^2) + (-mc^2) = 0

 

2)here negative mass is uniformly distributed over the whole area, so the effect of negative mass on mass m is 0. Remaining positive mass is distributed over the white area on the left at the density of negative mass, and

 

3)the gravity that uniformly distributed positive mass(with same density to the negative mass density) works on positive mass m place on radius r is worked only by the distribution of mass within radius r. – Shell Theorem.

 

fig14

caption : Equal to the degree of gravity that is applied on the equally distributed positive mass within the radius r of the left side.

The gravitational effect from negative mass, which functions at mass m is equal to the gravitational effect from positive mass within radius r.

 

 

Therefore, the effect of negative mass that remains out of galaxy without being offset can make it approximate to the gravity generated by the distribution of positive mass within the radius R in galaxy

 

[math]

M_ - = \rho _ - ®V = \rho _ - ®(\frac{{4\pi r^3 }}{3})

[/math]

 

In equation(103)

 

[math]

\frac{{mv^2 }}{{r_ + }} = \frac{{GM_ + (r_ + )m}}{{r_ + ^2 }} + \frac{{GM_ - (r_ + ^{} )m}}{{r_ + ^2 }}

[/math]

 

[math]

v = \sqrt {\frac{{G(M_ + + M_ - )}}{{r_ + }}} = \sqrt {\frac{{G(M_ + + \rho _ - (r_ + )V)}}{{r_ + }}}

[/math]

 

[math]

v = \sqrt {\frac{{GM_ + }}{{r_ + }} + \rho _ - (r_ + )(\frac{{4\pi r_{_ + }^2 }}{3})} ---(107)

[/math]

 

 

The mass density of collisionless isothermal sphere is given as [math]\rho ® = \frac{{\sigma ^2 }}{{2\pi Gr^2 }}[/math] in galaxy dynamics. [math]\sigma ^2 [/math] is velocity dispersion.

 

[math]

M_{dark}=M_{negative}= \frac{{2\sigma ^2 }}{{3G}}r ---(108)

[/math]

 

Equation (107) is applied to arbitrary spherical or oval galaxy, and in case of normal shaped spiral galaxy, the distance which spherical approximation can be applied from the center of galaxy will be effective.

 

So if we consider that the distribution of negative mass out of galaxy comes under isothermal, the effect of mass in galaxy by the distribution of negative mass out of galaxy is proportional to r as shown in equation (108 ), and this is in keeping with observed dark matter.

 

Positive mass dark matter distributed in galaxy does not form the spherical distribution, and it is broken owing to the gravity of galaxy core, gravitational action with stars, and rotation of galaxy, if its shape is not very intentionally assumed. Furthermore, there are various heat sources in galaxy according to position, so it cannot be regarded as collisionless Isothermal.

 

However, the effect of centripetal force that negative mass works from the exterior of galaxy can keep the spherical distribution of mass, and make the mass effect that increases linearly in accordance with distance r as seen above because it receives less influence from elements such as the gravity of galaxy core, or rotation of galaxy. Also ideal state of collisionless can be achieved by negative mass, because negative mass has repulsive effect each other.

 

 

At the solar system, non-observation of dark matter(negative mass) is explained. In negative mass hypothesis, dark matter exists at the exterior of galaxy, so dark matter is not observed at the solar system.

 

It described that the quantity of negative mass decided at the beginning of universe can explain the effect of centripetal force in galaxy(V-4), repulsion effect on cosmic expansion(V-3), decelerating expansion at the first half, and accelerating expansion(V-1) of universe at the second half(7 billion years ago) at the same time.

 

Therefore, it is necessary to try to calculate and observe negative mass more strictly, laying aside the abstract aversion of negative mass.

 

 

Please review to the fig12, fig13, fig14.

And then, please understand that the gravitational effect from negative mass is equal to the gravitational effect from positive mass(with same density to the negative mass density) within radius r.

 

Below problems explained by negative mass

- Almost uniformly distribution of the dark matter,

- Non-observation of the star and galaxy consists of dark matter,

- Dark matter clumping around galaxy,

- Rotation curve of the galaxy -Centripetal force effect,

- Low interaction between dark matter when collision occurs between dark matter,

- Collision of Bullet Cluster,

- Non-observation of dark matter at the Earth and Solar system (Xenon100, CDMS II…)

- Non-baryonic dark matter condition,

 

- Observed value of the dark energy(10^(-47)GeV^4),

- Repulsive force needed for accelerating expansion,

- It is show that result of original field equation(Λ=0) of general relativity is right.

 

========

Hypothesis of Dark Matter and Dark Energy with Negative Mass :

http://vixra.org/abs/0907.0015

Edited August 9, 2010 by icarus2

[Cropduster23]

Thanks for the diagrams. Just another note, a negative mass cloud would not be completely isothermal because if an outside force such as a positive mass object were to strike it, the cloud would "jiggle" and gain a little bit of localized [latex]\Delta T[/latex] T from the kinetic energy of the impact. Interestingly, if dark matter is in fact stabilized at the maximum of it's potential well, then the ground state energy of "Negative" or "Dark " matter will be completely determined by the boundary conditions of it's local environment. Is there some calculation you've worked out to determine the "energy maximum" of a dark matter potential?

 

Also, this would mean that an increase in the temperature of the negative matter (such as in a collision with positive matter) would correspond to a decrease in it's negative mass by a related amount. It seems to me that you could eventually turn negative mass matter into positive mass matter by heating it up fast enough and with enough energy. In the specific example above (where the negative mass cluster is "jiggled" or bumped) this increase in entropy would be due to somewhat-easily tracked momentum changes, and so you could ostensibly turn the negative mass into positive mass by accelerating it fast enough, and vis verse for positive matter into negative matter.

 

Perhaps when positive matter falls into a black hole, it turns into negative matter? What does your math for this say about black holes?