Let us with analytical cosmology to study wide-field view of the Coma Galaxy Cluster

[zhou jian]

Hello,

 

 

 

Let us with analytical cosmology to study wide-field view of the Coma Galaxy Cluster

 

http://blog.tech110.net/index.php?uid-9305-action-viewspace-itemid-64747

 

Science blog of the researcher's real-name system

 

url removed

 

[the asinine cretin]

Would you care to elaborate? For instance, could you summarize the theory and methodology of analytical cosmology? And what data sets will you be working with for the CGC thing? And I get the sense that this ultimately has to do with studying the large-scale structure of the universe as a whole. Is this correct?

 

Edit: typo.

Edited June 3, 2012 by the asinine cretin

[zhou jian]

Would you care to elaborate? For instance, could you summarize the theory and methodology of analytical cosmology? And what data sets will you be working with for the CGC thing? And I get the sense that this ultimately has to do with studying the large-scale structure of the universe as a whole. Is this correct?

 

Edit: typo.

 

 

Friends

I want to say that I (Zhou jian / 周坚) found a way to use algebra to solve the problems of the universe.

 

 

 

[hypervalent_iodine]

!

Moderator Note

zhou jian,

Firstly, I am moving this to Speculations. Please be aware that this forum has an additional set of rules, found here.

You will need to elaborate more on what you hypothesis is, what it attempts to prove / disprove and, of course, evidence. Unfortunately, linking your blog isn't going to help us much since it isn't in English and the majority of people who frequent this site will not be able to read it. I would therefore ask that you no longer use it to support or elaborate on your assertions.

[the asinine cretin]

Friends

I want to say that I (Zhou jian / 周坚) found a way to use algebra to solve the problems of the universe.

 

That's pretty interesting. Do you have any peer-reviewed papers that we could look at? Thanks.

[zhou jian]

That's pretty interesting. Do you have any peer-reviewed papers that we could look at? Thanks.

 

 

peer-reviewed papers : http://idea.cas.cn/viewdoc.action?docid=2466

 

 

 

<A name=OLE_LINK3>OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FROM HUBBLE DIAGRAM OF SUPERNOVAE FOR AN ZHOU JIAN ’S LAW

Zhou Jian

（611, Liuchang road, Liu Bei district , Liuzhou city , Guang Xi ,China 545012 E-mail：13237720248@163.com）

 

Abstract I report a very simple magnitude and redshift relation, which is called α and β are two constants, when the α constant adjustment to 0.00023683050759/Mpc, β constant adjustment to 0.00128/Mpc case, the type of theoretical curve and the supernova (FRW) cosmological model of the standard model parameters ΩM = 0.28, ΩΛ = 0.72 consistent with the theoretical curve, thus obtained the distance modulus of a new definition of style, and found that there exists a redshift proportional increase with the sum of redshift plus 1 is inversely proportional to the term public relations, its physical significance is light (electromagnetic radiation) in the dissemination process of the propagation distance and its transmission wavelength with propagation distance increases displacement to the red end of the cosmological redshift is proportional to the cosmological redshift and plus 1 and is inversely proportional to the natural law.

 

Key-words SUPERNOVA HUBBLE DIAGRAM THEORETICAL CURVE NATURAL LAW

 

 

1 Supernova Hubble Diagram

 

In 1998, two teams studying distant Type Ia supernovae presented independent evidence that the expansion of the Universe is speeding up [Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999]. This is arguably one of the most important discovery in modern cosmology. Figure 1 is that they discovered that the universe is accelerating the expansion of the supernova Hubble diagram. The figure shows the distribution with Ia supernova is the best fit of the theoretical curve in (FRW) cosmological model of the standard model parameters Ω_M = 0.28, Ω_Λ = 0.72 the theoretical curve.

 

Fig.1 Discovered that the universe is accelerating the expansion of the supernova Hubble diagram [1、2]

 

 

 

2 VENTURE PROPOSE

 

Shown in Figure 1 Perlmutter, who published in 1998 found that the universe is accelerating the expansion of the supernova Hubble diagram, and the distribution of high-redshift supernovae Ia the best fit of the model parameters ΩM = 0.28, ΩΛ = 0.72 corresponding to the theoretical curve the relationship is quite complex, this in (FRW) cosmological standard model is quite complex magnitude and redshift relation is able to use a simple relationship to replace it? I venture to propose a very simple magnitude and redshift relation is：

 

（1）

Which, α and β are constants to be determined, and their units are / Mpc.

 

 

3 SURPRISED TO FIND

 

In this very simple magnitude and redshift relation (1), I found both of α and β constants to be determined, it will adjust the theoretical curve with the adjustment to change, with the continuous attempt to adjust further found that, when α and β are two constants to be determined, adjusted to just the right time, it will be just right with the theoretical curve of high-redshift supernovae Ia distribution of best fit of the model parameters ΩM = 0.28, ΩΛ = 0.72 of the theoretical curve approach, when the α adjusted to 0.00023683050759/Mpc, β adjusted to 0.00128/Mpc case, relation (1) with the theoretical curve on the distribution of high-redshift supernovae Ia the best fit of the model parameters ΩM = 0.28, ΩΛ = 0.72 the theoretical curve fit. Figure 2 is consistent with the results of Fig.

 

Fig.2 Zhou Jian fitting supernova Hubble diagram.

Careful observation of this very simple magnitude and redshift relation (1) found, in which there is a public relations term z / α (1 + z), this not only with the redshift z is proportional to, but also with the red shift plus 1 and (z +1) is inversely proportional to the physical significance of items of public relations, what is it? Type based on the distance modulus defined physical meaning, it is the distance, this distance is proportional not only to redshift z, but also increases with redshift 1 and (z +1) is inversely proportional to, this is what I found in Perlmutter et al 1998 published that the universe is accelerating the expansion of distance and redshift relation：

 

（2）

 

Where, r is the distance in units of Mpc, z is the redshift of the cosmic large-scale, α is the redshift constant, α = 0.00023683050759 / Mpc.

 

 

4 DEFINITION OF ZHOU JIAN REDSHIFT LAW

 

The relation (2) has a kind of physical significance? Obviously, in the case of very small red shift, it is proportional to the redshift and distance with a high degree of approximation of the Hubble's law, but to a certain extent after the large red shift completely out of Hubble's law, however, puzzling redshift tends to infinity in time, it has redshift and distance is proportional to the Hubble's law with a high degree of approximation.

 

This phenomenon mean? I carefully Lile, found three "sure." First, be sure it is definitely not the Hubble's law described the Doppler redshift caused by the Doppler effect, but with the cosmological redshift end, where will this type of redshift called the cosmological redshift, for different Doppler redshift, where the use of "z_z" to represent. Second, it is certain that it is definitely not the Doppler effect, but with the effect of cosmology, as distinguished from the Doppler effect, where the effects of this type will be called the Zhou Jian effect. Again, it is certain that it is definitely not the Hubble law, Hubble's law but with the law, as distinguished from Hubble's law, where the law of this type will be called the Zhou Jian law.

 

Zhou Jian law is the description of light (electromagnetic radiation) in the dissemination process of the propagation distance with the cosmological redshift (transmission wavelength with the increase of propagation distance to the red end of the displacement variation) and change the laws of nature, namely: light (electromagnetic radiation) of the propagation distance r and the cosmological redshift z_z is proportional to the cosmological redshift plus 1 and (z +1) is inversely proportional to its mathematical expression is：

 

（3）

Where, r is the unit of Mpc of light (electromagnetic radiation) of the propagation distance, z_z is the cosmological redshift (Zhou Jian redshift), α is a constant cosmological redshift (Zhou Jian constant), and α = 0.00023683050759 / Mpc, and in the cosmological redshift z_z very, very small in the case, the Zhou Jian law on the evolution of r = z_z / α = cz_z/H₀, where c is the speed of light, H₀ is the Hubble constant, which is well-known form of Hubble's law, but here referred to redshift is not the light source relative to the observer's relative motion caused by the Doppler redshift, but by the light (electromagnetic radiation) in the dissemination process of the transmission wavelength with propagation distance increases and the corresponding Zhou Jian effect caused by the increased call the cosmological redshift. Figure 3 is a supernovae Hubble diagram found that the Zhou Jian law.

 

Fig.3 Found that the Zhou Jian law From the supernovae Hubble diagram

 

 

 

5 CONCLUSION

 

From 1998 found that the universe is accelerating the expansion of the supernova Hubble diagram actually contains such a secret, which I continue to thoroughly research of unexpected results, After much deliberation, or report this deep in the supernova Hubble diagram secret, it not only reveals the (FRW) cosmological standard model is quite complex magnitude and redshift relation also corresponds to a very simple relationship, but also reveals a more deep meaning of natural law - the Zhou Jian redshift law it reveals the light (electromagnetic radiation) in addition to the speed of light propagation in addition to another essential characteristic of that light (electromagnetic radiation) limit the spread of cosmological redshift distance is the distance tends to infinity, calculated in accordance with Zhou Jian redshift law, the light (electromagnetic radiation) limit the spread of distance 4222.4289859278Mpc（13.77198086256 billion light years）.

 

 

 

Acknowledgements: The above is my report, please provide expert advice, in this particular sincere thanks!

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES

[1]

 

Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Goldhaber, G., Knop, R.A., Nugent, P., et al. 1999. Astrophys. J. 517:565-586.

 

[2]

 

Riess, A.G., Filippenko, A.V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Diercks, A., et al. 1998. Astron. J. 116:1009-1038.

 

 

[zhou jian]

Analytical cosmology based on the specific application of the Zhou Jian’s law on.

see Chinese blog：url removed

[swansont]

!

Moderator Note

Linking solely to advertise your blog is not permitted, and you were specifically asked not to do this. The links have been removed.

[zhou jian]

Zhou Jian 2012055 Star Chart Shows that the PTF 10fqs Variable Star Distance Is 56 Million Light Years

Picture / Zhou Jian (周坚)/ June 10, 2012

（611, Liuchang road, Liu Bei district , Liuzhou city , Guang Xi ,China 545012 E-mail：13237720248@163.com）

 

The universe is like this, when you simply to observation it, all the guess may,and when you have mastered the mathematical analysis method to study it again after, all of that guess don't exist.

 

 

From the U.S. Space Administration (NASA) official website 2012.6.8 news reports by the NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope in the Messier 99 galaxy shooting a catalog for the PTF 10fqs, it is in Macyyeah 99 the side of the spiral arms, star map in the upper left corner of the image at the upper left corner of an orange yellow. And according to professional research report (Mansi by M. Kasliwal et al 2011 ApJ 730 134. The PTF 10fqs: the Luminous the Red Nova, in the Spiral Galaxy Messier, 99) to verify the PTF 10fqs a brightness of 18.9 ± 0.1 magnitude, the absolute brightness of -12.3 star variable star.

 

However, when we will the two observation data draw to analytical cosmology (29 June 2009 was born in Chinese) given Zhou Jian diagram, through the Zhou Jian diagram mathematical analysis, we find that PTF 10 FQS variable star distance we are 56，102，897 ly (56 million light years), the corresponding Zhou Jian redshift zz is 0.0040904.

 

Of course, we found the PTF 10fqs former star is O-type main sequence stars, in accordance with the characteristics of the O-type main sequence stars, which corresponds to the apparent brightness should be between 25.5 and other 27.2 etc. through mathematical analysis.

 

In summary, the Messier 99 galaxies distance is 56 million light-years. As we observed in Messier 99 is an apparent brightness of 9.870 mag., a redshift of 0.008036 (SIMBAD database) galaxies, so we can get the following analytical universe M99 characteristics data by Zhou Jian diagram mathematical analysis：

 

1、Distance: 56,102,897 light years

2、Zhou Jian redshift: 0.004090

3、Doppler redshift: 0.003946

4、observation redshift: 0.008036 (the actual observations, SIMBAD database)

5、a departure from the radial velocity: 1,180.539 km / s

6、 the absolute magnitude: -21.332 mag.

7、Galaxy size: 184,156 light-years.

 

Oh my god...... !The author really don't want to always so excited down, but so that they have to let the author excited down. The author found Zhou Jian’s law and founded the analytical cosmology since, that is such a sustained excitement. I found! I found! I found Zhou Jian redshift! I created the analytical cosmology! Look! Numbers for Zhou Jian 2012055 mathematical analysis Star Chart was complete, and it has a nickname: messier 99 Variable Star PTF 10 FQS mathematical analysis Star Chart, it through the analytical cosmology of the Zhou Jian diagram given PTF 10 FQS Variable Star for Numbers by mathematical analysis tells us, messier 99 galaxies 56 million light years away from us, and precise distance is 56102897 light years, please the Hubble team of scientists give verification, and so on. Validation! Validation!!

[swansont]

!

Moderator Note

Merged. Please don't start any new threads on any subject related to this

[zhou jian]

Zhou Jian Star Chart 2012065 found that the IC 2574 is a pure Doppler blue shift deviation of dwarf galaxies

Picture / Zhou Jian (周坚)/ June 18, 2012

（611, Liuchang road, Liu Bei district , Liuzhou city , Guang Xi ,China 545012 E-mail：13237720248@163.com）

 

The universe is like this, when you simply to observation it, all the guess may,and when you have mastered the mathematical analysis method to study it again after, all of that guess don't exist.

 

 

NASA/APOD web site 2012.6.22 IC 2574: Coddington's the Nebula.

In fact, this nebula is a dwarf galaxy, based on the NASA / IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE verify its apparent brightness of mv is equal to 10.36,and redshift is equal to 0.000190, and maximum distance of six kinds of the Hubble flow distance (the Virgo + GA + the Shapley) 10,632,898 light-years, and the minimum distance (3K CMB) is 6,621,099 light-years, and the average distance is 9,007,522 light-years. 13 professional research report gives the maximum distance is 17,514,927 light-years, and the minimum distance is 8,806,388 light-years, and the average distance is 12,482,240 light-years. This is the caption said the dwarf galaxy IC 5 874 a distance of only 12 million light-years.

 

When we will be currently informed of these observational data plotted in the figure of Zhou Jian will find (see Zhou Jian Star Chart 2,012,065, the dwarf galaxy IC 2574 the mathematical analysis of the star map), you will find! Will find the actual observations of the dwarf galaxy IC 2574's distance relative to the analytical cosmology given standard distance deviation Doppler blue shift of bias, it is a 100% towards our movement dwarf galaxies.

 

We now take a look at the status of the dwarf galaxies observed in the course of the campaign. To keep things simple, here only consider it as the state of motion not to consider its own state of motion. To make the mathematical analysis of the star maps comparable, we use the average value of the Hubble flow distance for motion analysis.

 

The dwarf galaxy IC 2574 in the average value of the Hubble flow distance (9,007,522 light-years) the distance condition, Zhou Jian redshift zz is 0.000654, and the Doppler redshift zd -0.000464 observation redshift zg is still 0.000190. Since the Doppler redshift is negative, it is the Doppler blue shift, toward our Mercedes-Benz from the Mercedes-Benz from the speed of 139.214km / s.

 

139.214km / s, toward our movement, the radial velocity as the basis of the mathematical analysis will find that the dwarf galaxy IC 2574 in 10 million years ago in comparison with our observation status, depending on the brightness of mv = 10.469 mag, than it is now dark 0.109 mag, and Zhou Jian redshift zz = 0.000688, which shifted more than it is now 0.000034, the corresponding distance is 9,471,906 light-years, an increase of 464,384 light-years) than the distance now, we have observed redshift is 0.000224, which shifted more than it is now 0.000034. However, in one billion years later, how the observation status? State at that time, we have observed is that the apparent brightness of mv = 10.245 mag and so on, brighter than it is now 0.115 mag, and Zhou Jian redshift zz = 0.000621, less red shift than it is now 0.000034, the corresponding distance is 8,543,138 light-years, less than the distance now, we observed redshift is 0.000156, less red shift than it is now 0.000034.

 

Of course, we can also use the Big Bang cosmological theory to analyze. Since the big bang cosmology, the expansion velocity is related to the distance To keep things simple, we present expansion rate as a benchmark for analysis, which can be informed of the dwarf galaxy IC 2574 relative speed of our expansion in 1 billion years ago 181.891km / s, corresponding to the distance is 8,353,237 light-years, both the expansion of the universe divided by 71.021532km/s/Mpc, however, in 1 billion years later is 210.395km / s, the corresponding distance is 9,661,806 light-years, both divided by the universe expansion rate is 71.024905km/s/Mpc, the expansion speed of 196.142km / s, the corresponding distance is 9,007,522 light-years, both divided by the cosmic expansion rate is 71.023219km/s/Mpc.

 

Thus, the distance is different, they correspond to the cosmic expansion rate, which is the real reason that we applied to the Hubble's law Hubble constant is always unpredictable, we still do not understand, as long as we choose a different galaxy samples to study the rate of expansion of the universe, we always understand why the Hubble constant, resulting Hubble constant, we find that they change, and finally all fall on a fluctuation range 50-100km/s/Mpc, even if accurate to how much it is relatively selected galaxy sample results, and countless professional research reports can not escape from such a wavelength range.

 

Seriously, nearly years of observation results, and many of the professional research report that the Hubble constant is a changeable constant, why do we have to regard it as constant? Mountain heavy water complex has a silver lining. We change a kind of thinking to think, that the magic of "yi" word will become more the magic of "and" word, in astronomy and cosmology research, we will be able to usher in a new sunny days! Sunny days! Sunny days!

 

Look! Based on 1998 found that the universe is accelerating expansion of the observed phenomena, the conversion of research ideas, light (electromagnetic radiation) in the dissemination of the transmission wavelength with increasing propagation distance and the law of displacement to the red end of the Zhou Jian’s law (or Zhou Jian effect), not on June 29, 2008 was officially discovered！

 

Look! Is also converted about research ideas, we direct application of the Zhou Jian’s law, without using any assumptions about the middle of, you know, do not use any assumptions, analytical cosmology using the algebraic method (analytical method) to solve the problems of the universe, not in 2009 March 8, and thus was born！

 

Continue to look! The change my the research idea, welcome the new space research method of the Chinese people, he is, he is...... He is living in 611, Liuchang road, Liu Bei district , Liuzhou city , Guang Xi ,China Zhou Jian（周坚）! Zhou Jian! Zhou Jian! He is proud of his discovery. He is proud of his found! For this, he loudly shout out: I found! I found...... !I found Zhou Jian’s law! I found Zhou Jian effect! I created the analytical cosmology! I created the analytical cosmology! Analytical cosmology! Analytical cosmology! Analytical cosmology...... !...... !

 

Notes: In a few days to June 29, that is the formal discovery of the Zhou Jian’s law ushered in the four years of age that memorable day. The past four years, through the direct application of the author persistent, it has been from the original called Zhou Jian redshift law of perfect to Zhou Jian’s law, completed on March 8, 2009 monograph Analytical cosmology (copyright registration number 2009 - a-020 687) also received an unprecedented perfect, at this moment, I really excited about this show oneself up, let the author he shouted it, ladies and gentlemen please him to understanding.

[zhou jian]

I'm sorry, my friend, I did not mean, I really can not read English

[zhou jian]

Zhou Jian Star Chart 2012071：for the Hubble found the giant arc IDCS J1426.5 + 3508 pulse

 

Picture / Zhou Jian (周坚)/ June 18, 2012

 

（611, Liuchang road, Liu Bei district , Liuzhou city , Guang Xi ,China 545012 E-mail：13237720248@163.com）

 

 

 

Seeing is believing, Hubble discovered that the giant arc IDCS, J1426.5 +3508 in the vicinity of 10 billion light years analytical cosmological observation status.

[zhou jian]

Zhou Jian Star Chart 2012072 Verify Hubble's Discovery Of The Giant Arc IDCS J1426.5 +3508

Photo / Zhou Jian / July 1, 2012

（611, Liuchang road, Liu Bei district , Liuzhou city , Guang Xi ,China 545012 E-mail：13237720248@163.com）

 

The universe is like this, when you simply to observation it, all the guess may,and when you have mastered the mathematical analysis method to study it again after, all of that guess don't exist.

 

 

Seeing is believing, seeing is believing it! Yesterday forecast giant arc IDCS J1426.5 +3508 mathematical analysis of the star map is drawn, see Hubble discovered this giant arc of celestial bodies direct observational data (see astrobites / astro-ph reader's Digest), I am so happy pleased quickly these direct observations of the Hubble immediately drawn to Zhou Jian star chart, and which is the site called the origin of the Zhou Jian star chart 2012072, and named for the mathematical analysis star chart of the Hubble giant arc IDCS J1426.5 +3508.

 

Piece of star map is based on Zhou Jian star chart 2012071, and Based on the analytical cosmological state in the nearby region of 10 billion light years, and then the Hubble found that the direct observations of giant arcs IDCS J1426.5 +3508 draw up the mathematical analysis of the formation of star maps.

 

Zhou Jian diagram is drawn by apparent magnitude observed by the optical system as a benchmark, so the infrared observational data of mathematical analysis, there are some systematic observation errors, but the standard distance is absolutely accurate, this giant arc IDCS J1426.5 +3508interpret the experience to judge it in the standard distance of 8,763,987,822 ly (87.6 billion light years away) near the error will never exceed 3%, in accordance with the author, this error should be about 1%.

 

Of course, we can also Hubble discovered that the giant arc IDCS J1426.5 +3508 observational data to understand the theory of Big Bang cosmology, that is, it is about 230,000km / s depending on the speed departure from our inflated away, this isabout 77% of the speed of light in the expansion.

 

In fact, we all know that motion is relative. Observer of the observer in motion the train up observation on the ground, and the observer on the ground to observe the train in motion on the observer, the movement observed results were the same, of course, these two The observer Earth observation background.

 

Similarly, the universe observation is also true, but the background of our observations from the Earth into a complete universe as a whole. The relative Hubble discovered this giant arc IDCS J1426.5 +3508 celestial bodies, if it really is 77% the speed of light relative to our movement, flew away, it is the "train" in the high-speed movement, And we are the observers of the "station" in the universe.

 

Unfortunately, this also expansion of the universe, like our planet in the expansion, we train there is no motion, but the global expansion. This is in the observation of the universe in a "camouflage", and big bang cosmology is nothing more than to "camouflage" paint vivid nothing, and allows us to see such a beautiful flawless universe, spectacular,,and we did not even know that this is similar to the mirage that we see at the beach on the magnificent landscape, and it sooner or later to disappear.

 

This is why the big bang cosmology tells us the future of the universe, and it will eventually become the "ice" and "lonely death" to, and we just happen to exist in bale, this is the detonation of the "singularity", and it soared to quickly erase the mercy of the god of the universe given to us by grace.

[zhou jian]

Ladies and gentlemen, my all friends: hello!

 

 

My name is Zhou Jian, an ordinary Chinese people, who lived 611,Liuchang road,Liu Bei district,Liuzhou city,Guang Xi,China.

 

June 29, 2008, four years ago, I might create a miracle, it is extremely keen insight, further research by the two groups in 1998 found that the universe is accelerating expansion of the supernova Hubble diagramfrom the discovery of the Zhou Jian's Law.

 

 

The past four years, I boldly direct application of this Zhou Jian's Law and its application of the results so that I am shocked, an algebraic method (analytical method) to solve the universe, the problem of the " Analytical Cosmology " individual monographs on such on March 8, 2009 to complete really gratifying it, in any case, this is an unprecedented no historical discoveries, for us men of great significance to the deep space of the universe, for which I have to explain you my friends Zhou Jian's Law and analytical cosmology, let us be able to apply the Zhou Jian's Law, are able to use the Analytical Cosmology theory to guide our observations of our universe.

 

 

1、Brief description of the Zhou Jian's Law

 

 

June 29, 2008, the Big Bang theory of cosmology, Zhou Jian completed an "accurate expansion of Cosmology" monograph, which indicates that light (electromagnetic radiation) in the dissemination process of the propagation distance and Zhou Jian redshift is proportional to Zhou Jian redshift plus 1 and is inversely proportional to the natural law was officially discovered.

 

Zhou Jian's law physical meaning is light (electromagnetic radiation) in the dissemination process of the transmission wavelength propagation distance increases displacement to the red side, the redshift from distant starlight not only exists Doppler redshift, but also Zhou Jian redshift.

 

In cosmology, Zhou Jian's law using algebraic methods (analytical method) to solve the problems of the universe "Analytical Cosmology "(copyright registration number :2009-A-020687) the theoretical foundation, Zhou Jian redshift - distance of the corresponding relationship allows us to observing galaxies redshift to determine the relative distance.

 

In the universe mechanics study, Zhou Jian's law in the mechanics of direct application performance pushed the Zhou Jian's law of universal gravitation, it marks the attract each other between the galaxies of gravitation and light (electromagnetic radiation) on the propagation characteristics, gravitation-Zhou Jian redshif relations will let us through the observation of the galaxy redshift to determine the mutual attraction between them.

 

Zhou Jian's law of universal gravitation is the theoretical foundation of cosmic mechanics or dynamics of the universe to solve the mechanical problems of the universe, from the small, Zhou Jian redshift expression of universal gravitation and distance expression of gravitation in the value a high degree of consistency, namely Newton's law of universal gravitation exactly the same expression and Zhou Jian,s law of universal gravitation on the universal gravitation characteristics.

 

 

 

 

 

Edited July 2, 2012 by zhou jian

[zhou jian]

2、Zhou Jian's Law Definition

Light (electromagnetic radiation) in the propagation of the transmission distance with <A name=OLE_LINK3>Zhou Jian redshift direct proportion, and Zhou Jian redshift + 1 and inversely proportional to.

 

The Zhou Jian redshift-transmission distance of ties in 2008 by the Chinese astronomers Zhou Jian found, called Zhou Jian’s law or Zhou Jian effect.

 

In cosmology study, Zhou Jian’s law be using algebraic method (analytic method) to solve the cosmic problems of the analytical cosmological theory basis.

 

But in actual observation, the galaxy redshift include not only Zhou Jian redshift, and also contains doppler redshift, this is we accurately determine distance bring some difficulties in the galaxy, but we can through the ignore the doppler redshift, is observed galaxy redshift all as Zhou Jian redshift to accurately determine a standard distance will be called, then consider doppler redshift of the actual effect, the galaxy's true distance in the standard near distance, its distance from this is calculated out.

 

 

[CaptainPanic]

!

Moderator Note

I've merged two more posts from another thread into this one.

zhou jian, please stop making new threads on the same topic.

[zhou jian]

Thank you，Moderator，my friend.

 

Can not directly read in trouble now know, thanks again.

 

Thank you，Moderator，my friend.

 

Can not directly read in trouble now know, thanks again.

 

 

 

 

3、The formula of the Zhou Jian's Law

 

Zhou Jian's Law：

 

 

 

Parameters:

 

r: light (electromagnetic radiation) propagation distance, unit: light-years

 

Z0: Zhou Jian constant,Z0 = 13,771,980,862.6086 light-years,and the physical meaning of light (electromagnetic radiation) limits the propagation distance in the communication process, indicating that any light (electromagnetic radiation) can not endlessly propagate to infinity.

 

zz: Zhou Jian redshift, its physical meaning is the light (electromagnetic radiation) in the dissemination process of the transmission wavelength increase the regularly displacement to the red end of the relative change to the propagation distanc.

Edited July 2, 2012 by zhou jian

[zhou jian]

4、The discovery of the Zhou Jian's Law

 

 

Found that the firm law of the supernova Hubble diagram

The picture above shows the two groups in 1998 found that the universe is accelerating expansion of the Ia supernova Hubble diagram [Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter, et al.]; The figure below shows the 2008 Jian Zhou fitting Ia supernova Hubble diagram

 

 

The two sub-studies in 1998 showed that Ia supernova distribution that best fit the theoretical curve is a (FRW) model parameters under the standard cosmological model ΩM, = 0.28, ΩΛ = 0.72, the theoretical curve.

 

2008, Zhou Jian, further studies have shown that the best fit theoretical curve Ia supernova distribution turned out to be an apparent magnitude - redshift simple relationship theoretical curve. Of course, there are two constants in this simple relationship, they are α = 0.00023683050759/Mpc β = 0.00128/Mpc, (this is exactly when the two constants adjusted to this value this is a major research breakthrough for the exploration of the Zhou Jian).

 

When we assume that the universe is expanding, then, the inevitable result of the 1998 Perlmutter and Riess et al, scientists study the universe is accelerating expansion.

 

When we removed the expansion of the universe prerequisite assumptions, the direct study we observed apparent magnitude and redshift, the intrinsic link, then 2008, Zhou Jian explore the inevitable result is the discovery of their distance and redshift is proportional to, and redshift + 1 and is inversely proportional to the natural law, which is the prototype of the week firm law, the refined extract found after Zhou Jian's law.

 

Come back to see, ha ha, found that the universe is accelerating the expansion and discovery of the week firm law actually come from the in high-redshift Ia supernova observations and exploration, and only their ideas in research and exploration work that the former is a further assume a prerequisite for the expansion of the universe this hypothesis is established Institute of the results obtained, while the latter is not set any preconditions for further study obtained results. Thus, we will find in the study of high redshift Ia supernova, Zhou Jian, and Perlmutter et al, their research and exploration of ideas is very different, and the results obtained is very different, it is inevitable.

 

This is the discoverer of the Zhou Jian's law in the exploration

[zhou jian]

5、The relationship of the Zhou Jian's Law

 

 

 

Zhou Jian's law and distant objects (galaxies, etc.) the two parameters, namely, light (electromagnetic radiation) transmitted from the celestial to the observer in front of the spread of distance r and Zhou Jian redshift z_z, as long as able to determine one can be informed of theirtwo.

 

 

 

In the actual observation, we are able to directly observed object (galaxies, etc.) of the redshift, but in the directly observed redshift exist two generation mechanism completely different redshift, namely the Doppler effect of Doppler redshift and by the Zhou Jian effect of Zhou Jian redshift (in particular the universe there is obvious environment gravitational red shift, such as neutron stars and so on, to make the universe problem is simplified, be in usually we can be neglected).

In order to separate the two redshift, we use plus footnotes "d" and "z" to distinguish between the Doppler effect caused by the Doppler redshift z_d and Zhou Jian effect caused by the Zhou Jian redshift z_z , and what we observed the redshift of with footnotes added "g" way to say, called the redshift observations z_g, the relation between them is z_g = z_z+z_d.

Because Zhou Jian redshift can achieve is infinite, therefore, a universe in which we can observation to a very large redshift, in theory, we can observation to the infinite redshift.

When we would observe redshift z_g all as doppler effect caused by the doppler redshift z_d to study the universe, thus appeared the big bang cosmology.

However, when we would observe redshift z_g all by Zhou Jian effect caused by as Zhou Jian redshift z_z to research the universe, which appeared a accurately determine objects (galaxies, etc) the distance of the standard distance.

And then, when we simultaneous consider the two red shift, objects (galaxies, etc) the exact distance in the vicinity of the standard distance.

In the actual observations, the distance of the observation is the most critical. Because object (galaxies, etc) from the very far away, triangle parallax method that's been failure, and also by the objects with the relative movement brought about by the systematic error, this is we can't through own efforts to overcome error, so we have to look for other ways.

 

 

 

We know that the definition of the distance modulus, distance modulus and distance has a direct correspondence between, as long as we determine a distance modulus of objects (galaxies, etc.) the distance thus determined. In the distance modulus of only two parameters, namely apparent magnitude mv and absolute magnitude Mv, the apparent magnitude mv is the value that we can determined by direct observation through telescopes and other observation equipment, the key now is how to accurately determine the their absolute magnitudes.

 

 

 

For stars speaking, we study very thoroughly, through the direct observation of the stars spectrum, and again in the H-R diagram determine their absolute magnitude, thereby obtain the distance of the stars.

 

 

 

For galaxy speaking, we can get through direct observation of the galaxy redshift, in order to make things simple, we can temporarily regardless of galaxies relative we (observers) of the relative movement of factors, the will of the observed by galaxy redshift all as Zhou Jian redshift, which based on the calculation of Zhou Jian’s law for a standard distance from the reference to call it, then consider the influence of relative motion to get the true distance galaxies.

 

 

 

In order to make the corresponding relation can be directly reflected in the glance of, basis found the Zhou Jian’s law that a very simple definition of distance modulus, we draw a picture of depending on the visual magnitude –Zhou Jian redshift relationship diagram (in Zhou Jian redshift as a benchmark relationship diagram) or see the visual magnitude -distance relationship diagram (the distance as a benchmark of the relationship diagram), they are collectively referred to as Zhou Jian diagram（See full Zhou Jian diagram）.

 

 

 

Two different benchmark Zhou Jian diagram

 

 

 

 

Graph of the brightness of the celestial bodies said y-coordinate depending on the magnitude, observers said the abscissa denotes the relative to stars, galaxies and observing the bodies of the distance and the one-to-one Zhou Jian redshift, and in the chart the countless curve is one-to-one said stars, galaxies and bodies such as the absolute brightness absolute magnitude line, they keep the interval between 5 mag, among which the color of of all kinds, with absolute magnitude line is a special meaning such as the absolute magnitude line, and it is these color with special significance with the absolute magnitude and lines are drawn and the just give this Zhou Jian diagram has reference to watch the stars, galaxies and so on characteristics observed and evolution of celestial bodies characteristics of the function, become the stars, galaxies and so on objects and the whole universe the only objective existence body characteristics observed and evolution characteristics of the important tool, it similar H-R diagram analysis of the evolution of stars function, which has brought us study of the universe a real mathematical analysis tool.

 

 

 

When we will direct observation of celestial objects such as galaxy parameters, such as depending on the magnitude, red shift or spectrum type (star), including their image information, according to the corresponding relationship between Zhou Jian diagram drawn on the make up with mathematical analysis function of mathematical analysis star chart, we will called it Zhou Jian star chart, it can not only tell our galaxy of celestial bodies such as the past, present and future of the universe all information, including their evolution information, but also can let us tell their various small characteristics of change and difference. In fact, the analytical in cosmology and many such application figure, but this was the discoverer of the Zhou Jian diagram named apply diagram at present is the most suitable a, it's a little like H-R diagram analysis and its evolution characteristics of stars, like stars, galaxies and so on to the present situation and the evolution of celestial bodies observation process healthfully, mathematical analysis, is a real objects mathematical analysis tool.

 

 

 

In order to make everyone be clear at a glance of the Zhou Jian's Law see clearly the relationship, we through the Ia supernova discovered that the universe is accelerating expansion of the mathematical analysis star chart to reflect. This picture of a mathematical analysis star chart is since March 23 formally began drawing this star chart of 70 since the picture, therefore give Numbers for Zhou Jian star chart 2012070, at the same time, this picture mathematical analysis star chart is to celebrate the Zhou Jian’s law found that 4th anniversary and the works on the star chart. We can see in the star chart, research 60 supernova get supernova Hubble diagram, and ten years after 2008 years of Zhou Jian with new thinking, the further research that 60 supernova get supernova Hubble diagram for the inner link, and relative we (observers) had been able to look into the part of the graphic results reflect the universe.

 

 

 

 

[zhou jian]

6、physical meaning of the Zhou Jian's law

Zhou Jian’s Law physical meaning is light (electromagnetic radiation) during the course of the dissemination of the propagation distance transmission wavelength increases, and regularly to the red end of displacement, its to a red end of the relative displacement amount on the called Zhou Jian redshift, we use the "zz" to said it and light (electromagnetic radiation) transmission distance r meet equation.

For comparison, we see the Hubble's law physical significance. The Hubble's law physical meaning is the departure from the movement of light source on the line of sight relative observer wavelength changes with the velocity and displacement to the red end of the relative displacement to the red side is called the Doppler redshift, we use the "zd" to said, and it meet with departure from depending on the speed υ = czd relationship, both sides divided by the Hubble constant, from which we get the distance r between the light source to the observer, that is, .

We know that Hubble's law is the foundation of Big Bang cosmology was established. However, from 1929 to now, 80 years later, we really still can not accurately determine the Hubble constant, in the actual observations, we select a different celestial sample study, the Hubble constant, there different results (see Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, J Hochra 2008, decades of research, summarized the results of schematic), the Hubble constant is change even come and go uncertain constant, this constant uncertainty Hubble's law became the theoretical cornerstone of a fatal problem.

 

Research results schematic of the Hubble constant

 

Let us look at the Zhou Jian’s law, it was found in 2008, it is found that the Zhou Jian constant based on the universe's expansion is accelerating the 60 of the observation data of the supernova Ia decided, namely Zhou Jian constant Z0 = 13,771,980,862.6086 light-years, and clear its physical meaning is light (electromagnetic radiation) in the propagation of the extreme transmission distance, it and light (electromagnetic radiation) limit velocity, namely the speed of light, they together constitute the light (electromagnetic radiation) limit propagation characteristics of complete.

[zhou jian]

7、The observation evidence of the Zhou Jian's law

 

In 2003, the United States launched the Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (WMAP) after that year of observation data shows that the universe's age is 13.7 ±0.2 billion years, and that is what we today is often quoted as the support of the big bang cosmology a universe of the beginning of the important evidence, actually, it reflects the true out of the physical meaning is light (electromagnetic radiation) complete transmission distance limit of time interval, the time interval is 13，771，980，862.6086 years (13.772 billion), WMAP observations 13.7±0.2 billion years in error range and the exact, and in this time intervals of light (electromagnetic radiation) at the speed of light the completed transmission distance is 13，771，980，862.6086 light-years (13.772 billion light-years), this is the Zhou Jian’s law that Zhou Jian constant Z0 = 13,771,980,862.6086 light-years, that is WMAP observations is actually Zhou Jian’s law direct observation evidence, only we are according to the big bang cosmology the standard model to understand its observation data just.

 

Might as well we reflect on, from Zhou Jian’s law discovery process to see, Zhou Jian’s law Zhou Jian constant unexpectedly is also the from 1998 found that the universe's expansion is accelerating the vice 60 a Ia supernova Hubble diagram [Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999], and standard cosmological model can give a and high-redshift supernovae distribution with the best Ia theoretical curves, Zhou Jian’s law should also can give such a and the best anastomosis with the theoretical curves, is it a coincidence? !Even if be coincidence that also impossible to be perfect, so coincidence. So far, we have every reason to determine, in 1998 found that the universe's expansion is accelerating supernova Hubble diagram and launch in 2003 years of the WMAP observation data, they Zhou Jian’s law through the "bridge" so closely together, they all become Zhou Jian’s law the most direct observation of the evidence.

[zhou jian]

Zhou Jian Star Chart 2012073: redshift z = 10 of galaxies UDFj-39546284 only 30000 light years size

 

Zhou Jian（周坚） / July 11, 2012

（611, Liuchang road, Liu Bei district , Liuzhou city , Guang Xi ,China 545012 E-mail：13237720248@163.com）

 

The universe is like this, when you simply to observation it, all the guess may,and when you have mastered the mathematical analysis method to study it again after, all of that guess don't exist.

 

 

NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope, shooting an ultra-deep field, the candidate UDFj-39546284 galaxies as a faint red BLOB appear.

 

Learned according to the professional research report (RJBouwens, et al.2009), observations of galaxies UDFj-39546284 redshift z = 10, apparent brightness of m = 28.9 (H band).

 

When we will the two direct observation data to draw Zhou Jian diagram in mathematical analysis found that the candidate galaxies UDFj -39546284 is a distance we 12，519，982，602 ly (12.52 billion light-years), absolutely brightness is 18.034 mag, Zhou Jian function by the calculation of the galaxies size is 31，397 light-years of small galaxies. But here, it should be noted, the analysis result is based on the observed data of H band for mathematical analysis results, because Zhou Jian diagram is V band depending on the magnitude of the benchmark for drawing, so use H band depending on the magnitude observed data obtained by the mathematical analysis results, and use V band depending on the magnitude observed data obtained by the mathematical analysis results in these observation error, and the specific error size needs further research, but its distance is accurate, this is because Zhou Jian effect produced by the Zhou Jian redshift has been at this distance a decisive role, but the Doppler effect of Doppler redshift distance to little effect caused by the results.

 

Of course, we can also use the big bang cosmology theory to estimate. According to the news introduce acknowledge that based on the color of it, astronomers believe, its light after 13.2 billion years before we arrived. In contrast, the big bang cosmology and analytical cosmology determined in the 0.68 billion light-years distance error, and the error is less than six percent.

 

For comparison, the candidate galaxies UDFj -39546284 if it is similar to the one we live in the Milky Way galaxy of words, we will be able to observed to it is a V band of apparent brightness in V 27.234 mag of galaxies.

 

To the candidate galaxies UDFj -39546284 mathematical analysis of the details of the Zhou Jian star chart 2012073 has been clearly marked out, from which we can feel we as with the earth at the background of the observer and the observation redshift z = 10 observed by current of the most distant galaxy inner link, and what we observed called the observable universe internal relations. Specifically is, we will with the galaxy UDFj-39546284, and the relative our observable universe closely associated with the link is light (electromagnetic radiation) mutual communication, caused by the light (electromagnetic radiation) and not the spread of as we once thought that the spread of infinite process, but limited the spread of the process, it is the limit of the transmission distance of the Zhou Jian’s law that Zhou Jian constant Z0 = 13,771,980,862.6086 ly (13.772 billion light-years), this is our observations with the earth at the background can observations of these wonders why the universe is the real reason for this observation state.

 

Of course, according to the big bang cosmology the universe is a standard model to understand, that only inflation, not only that, it is still in a range acceleration, and even in another range slow inflation, is the expansion of the diversified process ah, that doesn't work, we still have to assumption that they must be in what the Higgs boson the magic "god particle," the "ocean" who, so they can keep control of inflation, otherwise, they are the material would "lazy" without a quality, they will not behave themselves entirely at the speed of light through our universe. Ah, let them go to inflation, the expansion of the hypothesis is not anyway to what scruples cosmological principle, more do not need to consider what matter exists in nature, just let the Higgs boson of the "god particle" give all the substance of a quality, and the universe will before us and orderly inflation, inflation, until the universe into "ice" and "lonely death" to, such in the universe that since there is no quality rather than as photonic as at the speed of light through our universe and run without a trace of the universe is much, much better.

[zhou jian]

8、Observations of the universe

 

In fact, the observation in the universe, the universe as a whole are the only exist through light (electromagnetic radiation) of the propagation characteristics, namely the light (electromagnetic radiation) limit velocity-speed c, and ultimate transmission distance Zhou Jian constant-Z0, they all reflected in our before observer.

 

Relative observer, the observer can only be observed by the observer for the Globe, the radius of a ball for Zhou Jian constant Z0 (Z0 = 13,771,980,862.6086 ly, 13.772 billion light-years), the universe spherical bodies，only feelings of all objects within a finite universe spherical bodies relative observer less than a Zhou Jian constant Z0 radiation of light (electromagnetic radiation), the spherical bodies of the universe outside the celestial radiation out of the light (electromagnetic radiation), the observer can not be directly observed, but be sure to observe them, then only through the movement closer to them, or to move closer to the movement of the observer, so that between the observer and the celestial the distance is less than Zhou Jian constant Z0 to feel this like we observe the world in the fog, we only see ourselves as the center of a circle radius of visibility within the limited world, in order to see the visibility outside world, we must exercise, the world outside the visibility of the movement manipulation continue to enter the visibility is less than to observe.

 

Of course, the movement in the universe, we can not like moving in the fog so easy, we must learn to build spacecraft, we must learn to spacecraft and spacecraft rendezvous and docking, not only that, we have to learn how to deep space in the universe safe free to fly, In addition, we have to learn the stars, to see galaxies, the stars and see the galaxy is not only in order to appreciate their beauty and splendor, but one can see them to the distance between us from the distance，distance! Distance!

Perhaps we do not believe we have one can know the capacity of the stars in the distance, but Zhou Jian’s law is found in order to let us have this wisdom of the eye's ability to the analytical cosmological order so that we learn how the next day observing the stars distance the birth.

 

Four hundred years ago, the Italian scientist Galileo invented the telescope, let us know how to watch our universe, and four hundred years later, Zhou Jian, Chinese scientists discovered Zhou Jian’s law and the creation of analytical cosmology, let us learn how to measuring the stars in our sky, let us learn how to measure our universe.

[zhou jian]

9、The seeds of the analytical method

 

 

Supernova Hubble diagram based on the two groups in 1998 found that the universe is accelerating the expansion of a further study found that after Zhou Jian’s law, based on the Zhou Jian’s law gave us a revelation, that is, light (electromagnetic radiation) propagation distance and relative change in the dissemination process of the transmission wavelength to the red end of the displacement, called Zhou Jian redshift has only one relationship.

 

 

We know that the distance of distant objects is not possible directly to measure, we now estimate the distance of distant objects are based on the application of Hubble's law, in Hubble's law Hubble constant is the vagaries of the constant, when we choose different objects in the sample study, we have obtained Hubble constant is not the same, so far we can only determine it to fluctuate within a certain interval, therefore, for us estimate the distance of distant objects to bring to an error we can not be determined, and this error is unpredictable.

 

 

Today, our ability based on the Zhou Jian’s law of light (electromagnetic radiation) propagation distance in the communication process with the transmission wavelength with increasing propagation distance and the law of displacement relative to the red end of the change, this call Zhou Jian redshift has only correspondence between the characteristics of the observations of the distance is converted to the observation of Zhou Jian redshift?

 

 

We know, we observed redshift of a distant celestial bodies, it is impossible is simply a red shift, but a comprehensive reflection of the variety of mechanisms redshift, which we are very familiar objects relative to the observer movement Doppler effect Doppler redshift, moreover, red shift, of which there are unexplained in the big bang cosmology, it is called the cosmological redshift, it is defined as the space the redshift caused by the overall expansion, but in the analytic cosmology, we will call it a Zhou Jian redshift, which is defined as the transmission wavelength of light (electromagnetic radiation) in the communication process with the increase of propagation distance displacement to the red end of the natural phenomena of the law, due to this natural phenomenon is found by Zhou Jian, so it is called Zhou Jian effect.

 

 

By actual observation, we found that the departure from the movement of celestial bodies relative observer or the opposite movement of the Doppler effect Doppler redshift or Doppler blue shift is much larger than the objects very close distance, Zhou Jian redshiftin the red shift in the leading role, but, in the case of very distant objects distance, distant celestial radiation out of the light (electromagnetic radiation) in the communication process, its transmission wavelength with the propagation distance increases regularly to the red end of the displacement effect called Zhou Jian effect Zhou Jian redshift is much larger than the Doppler red shift or blue shift, play a leading role in the redshift.

 

 

Thus, the same day, the body of the distance to a certain extent, we will be able to based on this unique correspondence between Zhou Jian’s law given propagation distance, and Zhou Jian redshift observations of the distance is converted to the Zhou Jian redshift of observation.

 

 

To this distance observations into practical application for the Zhou Jian redshift of the observation, we think of the Cartesian coordinate system.

 

 

Zhou Jian redshift, we will coordinate scale of distance in the Cartesian coordinate system marked the only one to one, then we can see that an observation of celestial bodies will be Zhou Jian redshift observation parameters for the array in coordinates corresponding to the coordinates of this redshift the observational characteristics of the wonders of the universe as a basic object of study "points" and "Number" axis correspond to the results, just as analytic geometry with the basic object of study of the algebraic number of "elements" point ", corresponding next, we can refer to the geometric problem into an algebra problem, the curve or surface into a way of thinking to solve geometric problems for the equation, the function, the same the universe into an algebra problem, directly observed characteristics of the wonders of the universe is transformed into the equation, the function to solve the problem of the universe.

 

 

Ha ha, the analytical method to solve the problems of the universe so that the bud sprout! The use algebraic methods to solve the problems of the universe thought sprouting seeds will sprout? The basic idea is to become a viable theory? Only allow us to be bold in the actual observation applications to be validated.