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What is a non-relativistic equation?


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A non-relativistic equation is invariant under Galilean boosts. (See here.) A relativistic equation is invariant under Lorentz boosts. (See here.) When the velocities in the problem you're considering are much smaller than c, Lorentz transformations and Galilean transformations become approximately the same thing. (More formally, Lorentz transformations and Galilean transformations are equal in the limit where (1/c)->0.)

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