Convergence all Over

[Erich]

Thought this may interest you guys:

 

http://www.economist.com/science/displaySt...tory_id=3764508

 

And:

 

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/3/16

 

The Economist article was such a grand convergence.

 

I found the articles looking for theoretical support for the p-B11 toroid fusion theorist of my previous posts. So many threads seemed to be coming together. Seward's ball lighting claim, the recent discovery of X and Gama-rays in lighting bolts at USF, I so wanted to see this progressive delineation of how toroids are expressed with the escalation of energy and scales.

 

After reading Greyber's paper http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/astro-ph/pdf/9704/9704283.pdf I was starting to see toroidal phenomena in a nonlinear way, a bifurcation or tipping point in the evolution of galaxies and stars. I've come across some folks who think that atoms themselves have a plasmid structure. Atoms, ball lightning, vortexes, mushroom clouds, solar flares, planetary disks and rings, stars, Pulsars, Quasars, black holes, and galaxies all the result of a conspiracy of angular momentum, matter and energy. I think the public can get their brains around this with a proper presentation.

 

I hoped the new space probes that will spot gama-ray burst in near real time would also lead to supportive observations.

 

However the "dark messengers" article put things in a whole new light.

 

 

 

This is another example of convergence, which I' m always on the look out for. This may not be your interest, but please send it to any chemist you know:

 

 

Feat of experimental acrobatics leads to first synthesis of ultracold molecules

 

University of Chicago 04.04.2005

 

Feat of experimental acrobatics leads to first synthesis of ultracold

molecules

Achievement could benefit fields of superchemistry, quantum computing

 

A research team that in 2003 created an exotic new form of matter has

now shown for the first time how to arrange that matter into complex

molecules.

 

The experiments--conducted by Cheng Chin, now at the University of

Chicago, and his colleagues under the leadership of Rudolf Grimm at

Innsbruck University in Austria--may lead to a better scientific

understanding of superconductivity and advance a growing new field

called superchemistry. In the long term, they may also provide a

strategy that could aid the development of quantum computers. "In this

field, it’s hard to predict what’s going to happen, because none of this

was possible before 2003," said Chin, an Assistant Professor in Physics.

Chin, Grimm and five colleagues will report their findings in a future

issue of journal Physical Review Letters.

 

The new form of matter that the Innsbruck University team produced in

2003 is called a Fermion superfluid, which exists only at temperatures

hundreds of degrees below zero. Superfluids exhibit characteristics

distinctively different from the solids, liquids and gases that dominate

everyday life. Most notably, superfluids can flow ceaselessly without

any energy loss whatsoever. Science magazine named this work one of the

top 10 breakthroughs of 2004.

 

In creating the Fermion superfluid, the team extended the work that

earned the Nobel Prize in Physics for Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle

and Carl Wieman in 2001. Those scientists had succeeded in creating the

first Bose-Einstein condensate. Building on the work of Satyendra Nath

Bose, Albert Einstein predicted in the 1920s that a special state of

matter would form when a group of atoms collapsed into their lowest

energy state. In this state now named for them, all of the atoms behave

as if they are all one giant atom.

 

Cornell, Ketterle and Wieman created their Bose-Einstein condensate out

of bosons, one of the two major categories of subatomic particles.

Bosons carry force, while the other category of particles, fermions,

comprise matter. Chin and the Innsbruck team showed in 2003 that, with

some difficulty, fermions--in this case, lithium atoms--also can be

coaxed into a Bose-Einstein condensate.

 

"Atoms themselves cannot become condensed. They are not bosons," Chin

said. "But once they are paired they become bosons, and you can go to

this superfluid state."

 

The laws of quantum mechanics forbid fermions from condensing.

 

Chin and his colleagues used a technique called Feshbach resonance to

bind two atoms into a simple molecule that behaves like a boson. The

process is carried out in a magnetic field and resembles the type of

electron pairing that causes superconductivity--the unimpeded flow of

electricity at temperatures near absolute zero (minus 459.6 degrees

Fahrenheit)--in solids.

 

This type of electron pairing is called Cooper pairing. Cooper pairings

are the long-distance marriages of the subatomic world, where electrons

are bonded at distances far greater than usual. "We have discovered a

handle to adjust the interactions between atoms and between molecules,

which allows us to synthesize complex quantum objects," Chin said.

 

Approximately two years ago, the Innsbruck scientists found a deep and

unexpected connection between Bose-Einstein condensates and the bonding

of Cooper pairs. They learned that they could use a pair of atoms to

simulate the electrons of a Cooper pair. And more importantly, they

could control the interactions of the atoms.

 

In their latest achievement, Chin and his colleagues have learned how to

use Feshbach resonance as the control that binds the simple molecules

made of cesium atoms into even larger clusters at temperatures near

absolute zero.

 

"Since 2003, the controlled synthesis of simple molecules made of two

atoms has opened up new frontiers in the field of ultracold quantum

gases," said Rudolf Grimm, a professor of experimental physics at

Innsbruck University and a co-author of the Letters article. Their

present work now shows that ultracold simple molecules can be merged to

form more complex objects consisting of four atoms, he said.

 

An important feature of this synthesis process is its tenability, Chin

said. "In a magnetic field you can experimentally adjust it to any

value, so we can control the process."

 

The synthesis of ultracold molecules is so new, it is difficult to

predict potential applications, Chin said. But it puts a new field

called superchemistry on a firm experimental footing. In superchemistry,

scientists are able to precisely control the pairings and interactions

of the atoms and molecules in Bose-Einstein condensates.

 

"We are physicists, but now our field’s starting to overlap with

chemistry," Chin said.

 

As ultracold molecules are synthesized into complex quantum objects,

phenomena hidden at the subatomic scale will now become visible almost

to the naked eye. "These objects may open up completely new

possibilities to study the rich quantum physics of few-body objects,

including chemical reactions in the quantum world," Grimm said.

 

Control of quantum objects may ultimately lead to the realization of a

quantum computer, Chin said. Although possibly still decades from

fruition, a quantum computer would work much faster than today’s

computers. The idea would be to use atoms in ultracold gas as bits, the

basic units of information storage on a computer, with Feshbach

resonance controlling their interactions to perform computations.

 

Chin now is setting up his laboratory at the University of Chicago and

plans to continue studying quantum manipulation and computation based on

cold atoms and molecules in collaboration with Grimm’s Innsbruck team.

 

"Based on the speed of progress in this field, I think there probably

will be more surprises," Chin said.

 

More information: www.uchicago.edu"

 

 

Cheers,

erich